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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Laser cooling of a trapped single /sup 40/Ca/sup +/ ion toward the motional ground state

Hideyuki Sawamura, Kenji Toyoda, U. Tanaka, S. Urabe

Published Jan 1, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1109/iqec.2005.1560961

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Summary form only given. A novel type of ground state laser cooling of a single trapped ion is achieved using a technique which tailors the absorption profile for the cooling laser by exploiting electromagnetically induced transparency in the Zeeman structure of the S/sub 1/2/-P/sub 1/2/ dipole transition. This new method is robust, easy to implement and proves particularly useful for cooling several motional degrees of freedom simultaneously, which is of great practical importance for the implementation of quantum logic schemes with trapped ions.

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Summary form only given. Among the ions proposed for a frequency standard in the optical domain, Ca/sup +/ is one of the most favorable candidates due to its wavelengths accessible with all-solid-state laser systems. This allows to imagine an ultimate experimental setup being simple and compact. The 4S/sub 1/2/-3D/sub 5/2/ electric quadrupole transition at 729 nm with a natural linewidth below 1 Hz serves as clock transition, while laser cooling on one of the resonance lines is carried out at 397 nm. To obtain the small spectral linewidths necessary for a frequency standard performance, it is essential to reduce the residual Doppler broadening caused by the RF heating in the Paul trap. The first-order Doppler broadening of a single ion can be eliminated in the Lamb-Dicke regime where the ion's amplitude of motion is inferior to the emitted wavelength. The main condition for the access of this frequency modulation regime is a high motional frequency of the trapped ion. This is more easily obtained in a low capacitance device and thus traps with reduced dimensions are required. We have set up a miniature ion trap of the Paul-Straubel-type. The stored ions are observed by a photomultiplier in the photon-counting mode as well as by an intensified CCD camera, permitting the visualization of their spatial behavior. Laser cooling of the Ca/sup +/ ions is carried out on the 4S/sub 1/2/-4P/sup 1/2/ resonance line at 397 nm. Progress on the characterization of the trapped single ion as well as on the generation of the involved wavelengths exclusively by solid-state lasers is reported.

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Summary form only given. Single ions in Paul traps are investigated for quantum information processing. Superpositions of the S/sub 1/2/ and the D/sub 5/2/ states are used to implement a qubit. Single /sup 40/Ca/sup +/ ions are either held in a spherical Paul trap or alternatively, in a linear Paul trap. The ions are optically cooled and fluorescence light at 397 nm on the S/sub 1/2/-P/sub 1/2/ transition is monitored for a state measurement by the electron shelving technique. The S/sub 1/2/-D/sub 5/2/ quadrupole transition at 729 nm is excited for sideband cooling and for quantum state preparation. Individual ions in a linear string are addressed by a tightly focused 729 nm laser beam. In the spherical Paul trap (4.5 MHz trap frequency) a single Ca/sup +/ ion has been cooled to the ground state of vibration with a probability of up to 99.9%. Starting from this Fock state |n=0> coherent quantum state manipulation on the S/sub 1/2/-D/sub 5/2/ transition is achieved.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics•Aug 29, 2005•1 citation
Summary form only given. A novel type of ground state laser cooling of a single trapped ion is achieved using a technique which tailors the absorption profile for the cooling laser by exploiting electromagnetically induced transparency in the Zeeman structure of the S/sub 1/2/-P/sub 1/2/ dipole transition. This new method is robust, easy to implement and proves particularly useful for cooling several motional degrees of freedom simultaneously, which is of great practical importance for the implementation of quantum logic schemes with trapped ions.
Summary form only given. Among the ions proposed for a frequency standard in the optical domain, Ca/sup +/ is one of the most favorable candidates due to its wavelengths accessible with all-solid-state laser systems. This allows to imagine an ultimate experimental setup being simple and compact. The 4S/sub 1/2/-3D/sub 5/2/ electric quadrupole transition at 729 nm with a natural linewidth below 1 Hz serves as clock transition, while laser cooling on one of the resonance lines is carried out at 397 nm. To obtain the small spectral linewidths necessary for a frequency standard performance, it is essential to reduce the residual Doppler broadening caused by the RF heating in the Paul trap. The first-order Doppler broadening of a single ion can be eliminated in the Lamb-Dicke regime where the ion's amplitude of motion is inferior to the emitted wavelength. The main condition for the access of this frequency modulation regime is a high motional frequency of the trapped ion. This is more easily obtained in a low capacitance device and thus traps with reduced dimensions are required. We have set up a miniature ion trap of the Paul-Straubel-type. The stored ions are observed by a photomultiplier in the photon-counting mode as well as by an intensified CCD camera, permitting the visualization of their spatial behavior. Laser cooling of the Ca/sup +/ ions is carried out on the 4S/sub 1/2/-4P/sup 1/2/ resonance line at 397 nm. Progress on the characterization of the trapped single ion as well as on the generation of the involved wavelengths exclusively by solid-state lasers is reported.
Summary form only given. Single ions in Paul traps are investigated for quantum information processing. Superpositions of the S/sub 1/2/ and the D/sub 5/2/ states are used to implement a qubit. Single /sup 40/Ca/sup +/ ions are either held in a spherical Paul trap or alternatively, in a linear Paul trap. The ions are optically cooled and fluorescence light at 397 nm on the S/sub 1/2/-P/sub 1/2/ transition is monitored for a state measurement by the electron shelving technique. The S/sub 1/2/-D/sub 5/2/ quadrupole transition at 729 nm is excited for sideband cooling and for quantum state preparation. Individual ions in a linear string are addressed by a tightly focused 729 nm laser beam. In the spherical Paul trap (4.5 MHz trap frequency) a single Ca/sup +/ ion has been cooled to the ground state of vibration with a probability of up to 99.9%. Starting from this Fock state |n=0> coherent quantum state manipulation on the S/sub 1/2/-D/sub 5/2/ transition is achieved.