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KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems

Secure Beamforming with Artificial Noise for Two-way Relay Networks

Dandan Li, Ke Xiong, Guanyao Du, Zhengding Qiu

Published Jun 26, 2013• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper studies the problem of secure information exchange between two sources via multiple relays in the presence of an eavesdropper.To this end, we propose a relay beamforming scheme, i.e., relay beamforming with artificial noise (RBwA), where the relay beamforming vector and the artificial noise vector are jointly designed to maintain the received signal-to-interference-ratio (SINR) at the two sources over a predefined Quality of Service (QoS) threshold while limiting the received SINR at the eavesdropper under a predefined secure threshold.For comparsion, the relay beamforming without artificial noise (RBoA) is also considered.We formulate two optimization problems for the two schemes, where our goal is to seek the optimal beamforming vector to minimize the total power consumed by relay nodes such that the secrecy of the information exchange between the two sources can be protected.Since both optimization problems are nonconvex, we solve them by semidefinite program (SDP) relaxation theory.Simulation results show that, via beamforming design, physical layer secrecy of two-way relay networks can be greatly improved and our proposed RBwA outperforms the RBoA in terms of both low power consumption and low infeasibility rate.

DOI
10.3837/tiis.2013.06.004

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This paper studies the problem of secure information exchange between two sources via multiple relays in the presence of an eavesdropper.To this end, we propose a relay beamforming scheme, i.e., relay beamforming with artificial noise (RBwA), where the relay beamforming vector and the artificial noise vector are jointly designed to maintain the received signal-to-interference-ratio (SINR) at the two sources over a predefined Quality of Service (QoS) threshold while limiting the received SINR at the eavesdropper under a predefined secure threshold.For comparsion, the relay beamforming without artificial noise (RBoA) is also considered.We formulate two optimization problems for the two schemes, where our goal is to seek the optimal beamforming vector to minimize the total power consumed by relay nodes such that the secrecy of the information exchange between the two sources can be protected.Since both optimization problems are nonconvex, we solve them by semidefinite program (SDP) relaxation theory.Simulation results show that, via beamforming design, physical layer secrecy of two-way relay networks can be greatly improved and our proposed RBwA outperforms the RBoA in terms of both low power consumption and low infeasibility rate.
This paper investigates the artificial noise (AN)-aided robust secure beamforming design for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) two-way relaying (TWR) systems based on physical layer network coding (PNC). In terms of signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR), we propose two robust beamforming designs to optimize worst-case secrecy sum rate in the presence of an eavesdropper, where the eavesdropper's channel state information (ECSI) is imperfect. In low SINR regime, we give a robust joint beamforming design. Since the optimization problem is non-convex, we use a zero-forcing (ZF) constraint on AN beamforming, and after approximating the objective function, the non-convex problem is formulated into a semidefinite programming (SDP). On the other hand, in high SINR regime, we provide a quality-of-service (QoS)-based robust beamforming design, in which the optimal solution can be efficiently obtained by employing an iterative algorithm based on Taylor expansion and semidefinite relaxation (SDR) techniques. Numerical results show the efficiency of the proposed schemes.
In this paper, we study a two-way relay network (TWRN), in which eavesdroppers' channel state information is imperfect, and all the eavesdroppers collude to form joint receive beamforming for enhanced receptions. To ensure the robustness of the TWRN, we design the transmit beamforming and establish two secure beamforming design formulations, which combines the physical layer network coding with artificial noise technique at the relay. One secure beamforming design formulation is to minimize the total transmit power in the TWRN, and the other one is to guarantee a maximum secrecy sum rate (SSR) in the worst-case. With the help of approximation techniques, the former optimization problem is converted into a convex problem, whose semidefinite relaxation solution is rank-one. However, due to the maximum available power limit of the system, the power optimization problem may be infeasible. To overcome this problem, the SSR optimization formulation is presented, and the optimization problem is decoupled into two subproblems that can be transformed into the convex forms. Finally, it is verified by the numerical results that the proposed schemes are effective.
In this paper, we address the security of a two-way relay network in the presence of an eavesdropper, where each node is only equipped with single antenna. We propose two-phase distributed analog network coding, or distributed beamforming and power allocation to enhance the secrecy sum rate of the data exchange. In the first phase, the two terminals broadcast their information data simultaneously to all the relay nodes. In the second phase, three different security schemes are proposed: optimal beamforming, null-space beamforming, and artificial noise beamforming. In the first scheme, the objective is to achieve the maximum secrecy sum rate of the two terminals. Mathematically, the objective function is difficult to optimize. In the second scheme, we maximize the total information exchanged while we eliminate the information leakage completely, subject to the total transmission power constraint. We show that the problem has a unique and global optimum, which can be solved using bisection method. When the instantaneous channel state information of the eavesdropper is not available, we propose an artificial noise beamforming in the third scheme. We minimize the information transmission power so that the artificial noise power is maximized to eliminate information leakage, under the constraints of quality of service (QoS) required by terminals. It is a second-order convex cone programming (SOCP) problem, thus can be efficiently solved using interior point methods. Numerical results are provided and analyzed to show the properties and efficiency of the proposed designs.
In this paper, we investigate a security transmission scheme at the physical layer for cooperative wireless relay networks in the presence of a passive eavesdropper.While the security scheme has been previously investigated with perfect channel state information(CSI) in the presence of a passive eavesdropper, this paper focuses on researching the robust cooperative relay beamforming mechanism for wireless relay networks which makes use of artificial noise (AN) to confuse the eavesdropper and increase its uncertainty about the source message.The transmit power used for AN is maximized to degrade the signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) level at the eavesdropper, while satisfying the individual power constraint of each relay node and worst-case SINR constraint at the desired receiver under a bounded spherical region for the norm of the CSI error vector from the relays to the destination.Cooperative beamforming weight vector in the security scheme can be obtained by using S-Procedure and rank relaxation techniques.The benefit of the proposed scheme is showed in simulation results.
This letter studies the secure cooperative transmission for an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay network in the presence of multiple multi-antenna eavesdroppers. Since the perfect channel state information (CSI) of the eavesdroppers are not available, we propose a robust joint distributed beamforming and artificial noise scheme to maximize the worst-case secrecy rate of the network, under the total power constraint of all the relay nodes. With the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique, the design can be solved by a one-dimension search which involves a sequence of semidefinite programming (SDP). Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed strategy.
This paper investigates the problem of joint design of cooperative beamforming and artificial noise to achieve robust secure transmission in an amplify and forward (AF) relay network in the presence of multiple eavesdroppers. Specifically, the joint design is targeting to minimize the total relay transmission power while guaranteeing the quality of service at the legitimate receiver and preventing the eavesdroppers from interception. Different from prior designs, direct links between the source and the legitimate receiver/eavesdroppers are considered and no perfect channel state information is assumed. Considering bounded channel uncertainties in all links, the worst cases of the total relay transmission power, quality of service (i.e., the received signal-to-noise ratio) and security are first identified. Then an iterative algorithm is proposed to jointly design the relay beamforming and artificial noises for robust secure transmission. It is demonstrated by computer simulations that the proposed robust secure design is effective and practical when compared with the prior designs.