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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Cooling to the recoil limit in an optical lattice

D. L. Haycock, S. E. Hamann, Paul H. Pax, Poul Jessen

Published Jun 7, 1996• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Summary form only given. A one-dimensional array of optical potential wells can be formed by interference of two counter-propagating linear and cross-polarized laser beams. This configuration is an example of an optical lattice, in which atoms are cooled to /spl mu/K temperatures and trapped in micron-sized potential wells. In this work Cs is cooled and trapped.

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Summary form only given. A one-dimensional array of optical potential wells can be formed by interference of two counter-propagating linear and cross-polarized laser beams. This configuration is an example of an optical lattice, in which atoms are cooled to /spl mu/K temperatures and trapped in micron-sized potential wells. In this work Cs is cooled and trapped.
In a one-dimensional polarization-gradient cooling scheme, with two counter-propagating laser beams having mutually orthogonal linear polarization, a linear array of potential wells for cold atoms are formed. These optical potential wells are created by the spatially varying light shift of the atomic ground state. Transitions between quantized vibrational states in such wells have been observed by stimulated1 and spontaneous2 Raman spectroscopy. Recently, this was extended to three dimensions using both four beams3 and six beams.4 In this work, we intersect four travelling-wave laser beams, all polarized in the same plane, as indicated in Fig. 1. This produces a threedimensional body-centered cubic lattice of potential wells for cesium atoms. The laser wavelength is tuned 25 linewidths below the 62S1/2(F = 4) → 62P3/2(F = 5) transition at 852 nm; and the resultant lattice constants (distances between wells of the same character) are λ / 2 perpendicular to the plane of polarization, and λ × 2 in the plane of polarization.
Sideband laser cooling using stimulated Raman transitions is performed on trapped cesium atoms. The confinement is produced by a far–off-resonance dipole trap consisting of two crossed YAG beams which, by interference, create a one-dimensional optical lattice. In a pure intensity lattice, we measure a 1D temperature of T = 6 μK corresponding to a mean quantum vibrational number of about ⟨ n v ⟩ = 0.75. In a polarization gradient lattice, the final temperature is T = 3.6 μK corresponding to ⟨ n v ⟩ ≃ 2.4.
Sideband laser cooling using stimulated Raman transitions is performed on trapped cesium atoms. The confinement is produced by a far–off-resonance dipole trap consisting of two crossed YAG beams which, by interference, create a one-dimensional optical lattice. In a pure intensity lattice, we measure a 1D temperature of T = 6 μK corresponding to a mean quantum vibrational number of about nv = 0.75. In a polarization gradient lattice, the final temperature is T = 3.6 μK corresponding to nv 2.4.
Summary form only given.Dissipation from photon scattering can be virtually eliminated if the lattice is formed by light detuned a few thousand linewidths from atomic resonance, in which case the frequency of oscillation in the optical potential wells can be several orders of magnitude larger than the rate of vibrational excitation. The atoms are then good candidates for resolved-sideband Raman cooling. We believe we have demonstrated for the first time resolved-sideband Raman laser cooling of neutral Cs atoms close to the zero-point of motion in a two-dimensional optical lattice.
We demonstrate the possibility of three-dimensional cooling of neutral atoms by illuminating them with two counterpropagating laser beams of mutually orthogonal linear polarization, where one of the lasers is a speckle field, i.e., a highly disordered but stationary coherent light field. This configuration gives rise to atom cooling in the transverse plane via a Sisyphus cooling mechanism similar to the one known in standard two-dimensional optical lattices formed by several plane laser waves. However, striking differences occur in the spatial diffusion coefficients as well as in local properties of the trapped atoms.
We demonstrate the possibility of three-dimensional cooling of neutral atoms by illuminating them with two counterpropagating laser beams of mutually orthogonal linear polarization, where one of the lasers is a speckle field, i.e., a highly disordered but stationary coherent light field. This configuration gives rise to atom cooling in the transverse plane via a Sisyphus cooling mechanism similar to the one known in standard two-dimensional optical lattices formed by several plane laser waves. However, striking differences occur in the spatial diffusion coefficients as well as in local properties of the trapped atoms.