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Acta Physica Sinica

Control of the evolution of an excited atom by using the dynamic Lorentzian reservior

Shi Yun-Long, Yang Ya-Ping, Hailian Liu, Huang Xian-Shan

Published Jan 1, 2011• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We theoretically study the use of a dynamic Lorentzian reservoir environment to realize contro of the evolution of an excited two-level atom. It is found that the change of Lorentzian reservoir leads to the interaction between the electromagnetic modes in the cavity and those outside, resulting in the redistribution of the electromagnetic modes density. When the frequency of reservoir change is consistent with the process of exchange of energy between the atom and environment, a relatively stable coherent evolution can be obtained, and the decay is obviously inhibited.

DOI
10.7498/aps.60.024205

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We theoretically study the use of a dynamic Lorentzian reservoir environment to realize contro of the evolution of an excited two-level atom. It is found that the change of Lorentzian reservoir leads to the interaction between the electromagnetic modes in the cavity and those outside, resulting in the redistribution of the electromagnetic modes density. When the frequency of reservoir change is consistent with the process of exchange of energy between the atom and environment, a relatively stable coherent evolution can be obtained, and the decay is obviously inhibited.
In the paper, we theoretically discuss the use of dynamic cavity environment to realize controlling of the evolution of spontaneous emission from an excited two-level atom. It is found that cyclical changes in cavity environment leads to the interaction betwcen the electromagnetic modes, resulting in the redistribution of the electromagnetic modes density; both the frequency of energy exchange and the energy dissipation rate between atom and environment are affected. When the frequency of environment change is relatively accordant with the process of energy exchange between the atom and environment, the decay rate is obviously inhibited and a stable coherence evolution can be obtained. Thus the evolution of coherent states can be modulated by using dynamic environment changes.
The evolution of two-level atomic system, in which the initial state is excited state, is investigated by adjusting the structural parameters of the dynamic and static ideal photonic band-gap environment reservoir. In a static state (no modulation), we study the effects of half width, center resonant frequency, and specific gravity on the evolution of energy level population. The results show that when the half width or the specific gravity decreases, in the atomic system there happens decoherence, and the energy dissipation to the outside becomes slower. When the center resonant frequency increases, there exists no resonance between the library central resonant frequency and the atom transition frequency, then the attenuation suppression effect occurs, and the time of atomic attenuation to ground state is longer. An actual quantum system is not isolated, so it is inevitable that it interacts with its ambient environment. Owing to the influence of environment, in the system there appears an irreversible quantum decoherence phenomenon. Therefore, how to effectively suppress the decoherence of quantum system becomes an important problem in quantum information science. Linington and Garraway (2008 Phys. Rev. A 77 033831) pointed out that the evolution process of a two-level atom quantum state can be manipulated by a dynamic dissipative environment. So, we use the dynamic cavity environment to control the evolution of spontaneous emission from an excited two-level atom. The dynamic modulation form for the center resonant frequency of the ideal photonic band-gap environment reservoir includes the rectangular single pulse, rectangular periodic pulse, and slow continuous period. Owing to the periodic modulation, the atoms are affected by different environments. On this basis, the influence of dynamic modulation form on the atomic population evolution is discussed. It is found that no matter what form the dynamic modulation is in, the attenuation inhibition in the evolution of atomic system is evident. These conclusions make the idea of using the environmental change to modulate the coherent evolution of atomic system become true.
We analyse the problem of a two-level atom interacting with a time-dependent dissipative environment modelled by a bath of reservoir modes. In the model of this paper the principal features of the reservoir structure remain constant in time, but the microscopic structure does not. In the context of an atom in a leaky cavity this corresponds to a fixed cavity and a time-dependent external bath. In this situation we show that by chirping the reservoir modes sufficiently fast it is possible to inhibit, or dramatically enhance the decay of the atomic system, even though the gross reservoir structure is fixed. Thus, it is possible to extract energy from a cavity–atom system faster than the empty cavity rate. Similar, but less dramatic effects are possible for moderate chirps where partial trapping of atomic population is also possible.
We analyse the problem of a two-level atom interacting with a time-dependent dissipative environment modelled by a bath of reservoir modes. In the model of this paper the principal features of the reservoir structure remain constant in time, but the microscopic structure does not. In the context of an atom in a leaky cavity this corresponds to a fixed cavity and a time-dependent external bath. In this situation we show that by chirping the reservoir modes sufficiently fast it is possible to inhibit, or dramatically enhance the decay of the atomic system, even though the gross reservoir structure is fixed. Thus, it is possible to extract energy from a cavity–atom system faster than the empty cavity rate. Similar, but less dramatic effects are possible for moderate chirps where partial trapping of atomic population is also possible.
We demonstrate how a time-dependent dissipative environment may be used as a tool for controlling the quantum state of a two-level atom. In our model system the frequency and coupling strength associated with microscopic reservoir modes are modulated, while the principal features of the reservoir structure remain fixed in time. Physically, this may be achieved by containing a static atom-cavity system inside an oscillating external bath. We show that it is possible to dynamically decouple the atom from its environment, despite the fact that the two remain resonant at all times. This can lead to Markovian dynamics, even for a strong atom-bath coupling, as the atomic decay becomes inhibited into all but a few channels; the reservoir occupation spectrum consequently acquires a sideband structure, with peaks separated by the frequency of the environmental modulation. The reduction in the rate of spontaneous emission using this approach can be significantly greater than could be achieved with an oscillatory atom-bath detuning using the same parameters.
A two-level atom coupled to a reservoir with Lorentzian spectral response function is considered. It is shown that if the free oscillations of the atomic dipole are suitably modulated by an external field, then the dynamics of the spontaneous decay can be strongly modified. As a result, the probability of finding the atom in an excited state can be large even for very long times. This is because the frequency modulation may lead to both effective detuning of the atom from the resonance with reservoir modes and to effective cancellation of the coupling between the atom and the reservoir. Non-Markovian features of the reservoir are found to be essential for this effect to be observable. Conditions of experimental verifications are provided.