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arXiv:0802.1199 · Physical Review A

Dissipation control in cavity QED with oscillating mode structures

I. E. Linington, B. M. Garraway

Published Mar 18, 2008• 30 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We demonstrate how a time-dependent dissipative environment may be used as a tool for controlling the quantum state of a two-level atom. In our model system the frequency and coupling strength associated with microscopic reservoir modes are modulated, while the principal features of the reservoir structure remain fixed in time. Physically, this may be achieved by containing a static atom-cavity system inside an oscillating external bath. We show that it is possible to dynamically decouple the atom from its environment, despite the fact that the two remain resonant at all times. This can lead to Markovian dynamics, even for a strong atom-bath coupling, as the atomic decay becomes inhibited into all but a few channels; the reservoir occupation spectrum consequently acquires a sideband structure, with peaks separated by the frequency of the environmental modulation. The reduction in the rate of spontaneous emission using this approach can be significantly greater than could be achieved with an oscillatory atom-bath detuning using the same parameters.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.77.033831

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We demonstrate how a time-dependent dissipative environment may be used as a tool for controlling the quantum state of a two-level atom. In our model system the frequency and coupling strength associated with microscopic reservoir modes are modulated, while the principal features of the reservoir structure remain fixed in time. Physically, this may be achieved by containing a static atom-cavity system inside an oscillating external bath. We show that it is possible to dynamically decouple the atom from its environment, despite the fact that the two remain resonant at all times. This can lead to Markovian dynamics, even for a strong atom-bath coupling, as the atomic decay becomes inhibited into all but a few channels; the reservoir occupation spectrum consequently acquires a sideband structure, with peaks separated by the frequency of the environmental modulation. The reduction in the rate of spontaneous emission using this approach can be significantly greater than could be achieved with an oscillatory atom-bath detuning using the same parameters.
We analyse the problem of a two-level atom interacting with a time-dependent dissipative environment modelled by a bath of reservoir modes. In the model of this paper the principal features of the reservoir structure remain constant in time, but the microscopic structure does not. In the context of an atom in a leaky cavity this corresponds to a fixed cavity and a time-dependent external bath. In this situation we show that by chirping the reservoir modes sufficiently fast it is possible to inhibit, or dramatically enhance the decay of the atomic system, even though the gross reservoir structure is fixed. Thus, it is possible to extract energy from a cavity–atom system faster than the empty cavity rate. Similar, but less dramatic effects are possible for moderate chirps where partial trapping of atomic population is also possible.
We analyse the problem of a two-level atom interacting with a time-dependent dissipative environment modelled by a bath of reservoir modes. In the model of this paper the principal features of the reservoir structure remain constant in time, but the microscopic structure does not. In the context of an atom in a leaky cavity this corresponds to a fixed cavity and a time-dependent external bath. In this situation we show that by chirping the reservoir modes sufficiently fast it is possible to inhibit, or dramatically enhance the decay of the atomic system, even though the gross reservoir structure is fixed. Thus, it is possible to extract energy from a cavity–atom system faster than the empty cavity rate. Similar, but less dramatic effects are possible for moderate chirps where partial trapping of atomic population is also possible.
Manipulating the dynamics of open quantum systems is a crucial requirement for large-scale quantum computers. Finding ways to overcome or extend decoherence times is a challenging task. Already at the level of a single two-level atom, its reduced dynamics with respect to a larger environment can be very complex. Structured environments, for instance, can lead to various regimes other than memoryless Markovian spontaneous emission. Here, we consider an atom coupled to an array of coupled cavities in the presence of on-site correlated disorder. The correlation is long-ranged and associated with the trace of a fractional Brownian motion following a power-law spectrum. With the cavity modes playing the role of the environment, we study the dynamics of the spontaneous emission. We observe a change from non-Markovian to Markovian decay in the presence of disorder by tuning the correlation parameter. This is associated with a localization-delocalization transition involving the field modes. Two dissipative models that effectively reproduce the behavior of the non-Markovianity are discussed. The dissipation dynamics of the atom can thus be used to extract information about the phase of the environment. Our results provide a direction in the engineering of disordered quantum systems to function as controllable reservoirs.
A two-level atom coupled to a reservoir with Lorentzian spectral response function is considered. It is shown that if the free oscillations of the atomic dipole are suitably modulated by an external field, then the dynamics of the spontaneous decay can be strongly modified. As a result, the probability of finding the atom in an excited state can be large even for very long times. This is because the frequency modulation may lead to both effective detuning of the atom from the resonance with reservoir modes and to effective cancellation of the coupling between the atom and the reservoir. Non-Markovian features of the reservoir are found to be essential for this effect to be observable. Conditions of experimental verifications are provided.
In the paper, we theoretically discuss the use of dynamic cavity environment to realize controlling of the evolution of spontaneous emission from an excited two-level atom. It is found that cyclical changes in cavity environment leads to the interaction betwcen the electromagnetic modes, resulting in the redistribution of the electromagnetic modes density; both the frequency of energy exchange and the energy dissipation rate between atom and environment are affected. When the frequency of environment change is relatively accordant with the process of energy exchange between the atom and environment, the decay rate is obviously inhibited and a stable coherence evolution can be obtained. Thus the evolution of coherent states can be modulated by using dynamic environment changes.
We present two simple soluble quantum optical models in which an atomic system is coupled to a bath containing an infinite number of reservoir states. The total system is treated conservatively, but the atomic subsystem of interest exhibits decay. The first system consists of a single two-level atom coupled to an infinite number of modes of a one-dimensional cavity which are equally spaced in frequency. The coupling results in spontaneous emission by an excited atom into the modes of the cavity. The model also exhibits the subsequent re-excitation of the atom after the spontaneously emitted radiation is reflected from the ends of the cavity. The second is a single two-level atom coupled to a single mode of a damped optical cavity where the damping is provided by coupling to quantized oscillators in the walls of the cavity. The damped cavity alters the spontaneous emission rate from its free space value. The simplicity of both models makes them attractive as a method for introducing quantum mechanical damping phenomena.