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Quantum state control of stored optical photons

Daniel Maxwell, D. J. Szwer, David Paredes-Barato, Hannes Busche, Jonathan D. Pritchard, A. Gauguet, Kevin J. Weatherill, M. P. A. Jones, Charles S. Adams

Published Jul 25, 2012• 0 citations
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We use a microwave field to control the quantum state of optical photons stored in a cold atomic cloud. The photons are stored in highly excited collective states (Rydberg polaritons) enabling both fast qubit rotations and control of photon-photon interactions. Through the collective read-out of these pseudospin rotations it is shown that the microwave field modifies the long-range interactions between polaritons. This technique provides a powerful interface between the microwave and optical domains, with applications in quantum simulations of spin liquids, quantum metrology and quantum networks.
We report an experiment in which optical pulses stored in an atomic system can be controllably released into two different photonic channels. By controllably turning on the retrieve control pulses at either 795 or 780nm780\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}780nm to read the stored optical pulses in a four-level double $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type atomic medium, we can obtain the released probe pulse at 795 or 780nm780\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}780nm, respectively. These readout pulses can be further separated spatially and directed into different optical propagation channels through a grating. Such controlled release of stored optical pulses may extend the capabilities of the quantum information storage technique, and can have applications in multichannel all-optical switching, all-optical routing, quantum information processing, and image storage systems.
In a quantum network, transmission of quantum states is performed by photonic channels, which distribute them between remote locations. However, the storage and manipulation of the photons is more problematic. Recently, several schemes have been proposed to store photons efficiently by interfacing the photonic channel with an atomic system, i.e. an atomic ensemble. In those schemes, the photonic input state is transferred to a collective atomic state. But the manipulation of photonic states requires the ability to perform entangling operations. We show how to do this manipulation and perform a deterministic entangling gate between photons. To this order, we interface a system of cold neutral atoms in an optical lattice with the photonic channel, such that now the atoms are not only used to store information, but also to process it by means of cold controlled collisions in the lattice.