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Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

High-resolution spectroscopy of the 435 nm /sup 2/S/sub 1/2/-/sup 2/D/sub 3/2/ transition in trapped /sup 171/Yb/sup +/

Chr. Tamm, V. Bühner

Published Nov 7, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Single /sup 171/Yb ions are laser cooled in a miniature radiofrequency trap. We demonstrate high-resolution spectroscopy of the potential frequency-standard reference transition from the F=0 ground-state sublevel to the metastable /sup 2/D/sub 3/2/ (F=2, m/sub F/=0) level at a wavelength of 435 nm. Presently achieved minimum linewidths are in the range of 80 Hz.

DOI
10.1109/cpem.2000.850920

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Physical Review A•Apr 16, 2001•106 citations
Single /sup 171/Yb ions are laser cooled in a miniature radiofrequency trap. We demonstrate high-resolution spectroscopy of the potential frequency-standard reference transition from the F=0 ground-state sublevel to the metastable /sup 2/D/sub 3/2/ (F=2, m/sub F/=0) level at a wavelength of 435 nm. Presently achieved minimum linewidths are in the range of 80 Hz.
Summary form only given. Laser-cooled ions in radiofrequency traps are the atomic systems that allow the highest resolution (ratio of frequency to linewidth) in optical or microwave spectroscopy. They can serve as references in highly stable frequency standards and also enable precise tests of fundamental physics. We present recent results on our In/sup +/ optical frequency standard, based on the 5s/sup 2/ /sup 1/S/sub 0//spl rarr/5s5p /sup 3/P/sub 0/ transition at 236.5 nm wavelength. This transition has a natural linewidth of only 0.82 Hz and is highly immune to systematic frequency shifts.
We describe experimental investigations of an optical frequency standard based on a single laser-cooled /sup 171/Yb/sup +/ ion confined in a radiofrequency Paul trap. The electric quadrupole transition from the /sup 2/S/sub 1/2 /(F=0) ground state to the /sup 2/D/sub 3/2/(F=2) state at 435.5 nm is used as the reference transition. The transition was resolved with a Fourier-limited width of approximately 30 Hz. In order to investigate the instability and accuracy of a future frequency standard based on the reference transition, a first experiment was done comparing two laser frequencies stabilized individually to two separate ions in different traps. As a result we found a relative frequency instability /spl sigma//sub y/(640 s)=1.5/spl middot/10/sup -15/ for the difference of the two laser frequencies. We also derived a first estimate /spl Theta/(/sup 2/D/sub 3/2/)=(3.9/spl plusmn/1.9)ea/sub 0//sup 2/ for the electric quadrupole moment of the /sup 2/D/sub 3/2/ state.
The ${5s}^{2}{}^{1}{S}_{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p{}^{3}{P}_{0}$ transition of a single laser-cooled 115In+{}^{115}{\mathrm{In}}^{+}115In+ ion in a miniature radiofrequency trap is investigated as a possible optical frequency standard. This line at a frequency of 1267 THz (wavelength 236.5 nm) is highly immune to frequency shifts due to external perturbations so that the expected systematic uncertainties can be reduced to the millihertz level. Experimentally, we obtained a fractional resolution $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\nu}/\ensuremath{\nu}=1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$ (linewidth 170 Hz), limited by the frequency instability of the laser used for excitation. The g factor and the lifetime of the metastable 3P0{}^{3}{P}_{0}3P0​ level were measured as ${g(}^{3}{P}_{0})=\ensuremath{-}9.87(5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ and $\ensuremath{\tau}{(}^{3}{P}_{0})=0.195(8) \mathrm{s}.$ Both values are in good agreement with perturbative calculations, based on hyperfine mixing between the 1P{}^{1}P1P and 3P{}^{3}P3P levels.