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On the dynamic universality class of the 4-state Potts model

Everaldo Arashiro, Henrique A. Fernandes, J. R. Drugowich de Felício

Published Mar 16, 2006• 1 citation
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Abstract

We investigate the short-time critical dynamics of the 4-state Potts (FSP) model, Baxter-Wu (BW) model and Ising model with three-spin interactions (IMTSI) in one direction, that belong to the same universality class at equilibrium. The scaling behavior of the global persistence probability $P(t)$ is studied in order to estimate the global persistence exponent $\theta_g$ of the models. We also calculate the exponent $x_0$, that represents the anomalous dimension of the initial. Although the exponents $\theta_g$ and $x_0$ for the FSP model are in complete agreement with the results of the IMTSI model, they are completely different of that for the BW model, showing that the BW model does not belong to the same dynamic universality class of the FSP model.

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Physical review. B, Condensed matter•Jul 1, 1982•24 citations
We investigate the short-time critical dynamics of the 4-state Potts (FSP) model, Baxter-Wu (BW) model and Ising model with three-spin interactions (IMTSI) in one direction, that belong to the same universality class at equilibrium. The scaling behavior of the global persistence probability P(t)P(t)P(t) is studied in order to estimate the global persistence exponent θg\theta_gθg​ of the models. We also calculate the exponent x0x_0x0​, that represents the anomalous dimension of the initial. Although the exponents θg\theta_gθg​ and x0x_0x0​ for the FSP model are in complete agreement with the results of the IMTSI model, they are completely different of that for the BW model, showing that the BW model does not belong to the same dynamic universality class of the FSP model.
We study the early time behavior of the Baxter-Wu model, an Ising model with three-spin interactions on a triangular lattice. Our estimates for the dynamic exponent z are compatible with results recently obtained for two models which belong to the same universality class of the Baxter-Wu model: the two-dimensional four-state Potts model and the Ising model with three-spin interactions in one direction. However, our estimates for the dynamic exponent theta of the Baxter-Wu model are completely different from the values obtained for those models. This discrepancy could be related to the absence of a marginal operator in the Baxter-Wu model.
We revisit the short-time dynamics of 2D Ising model with three spin interactions in one direction and estimate the critical exponents z, θ, β and ν. Taking properly into account the symmetry of the Hamiltonian, we obtain results completely different from those obtained by Wang et al.10 For the dynamic exponent z our result coincides with that of the 4-state Potts model in two dimensions. In addition, results for the static exponents ν and β agree with previous estimates obtained from finite size scaling combined with conformal invariance. Finally, for the new dynamic exponent θ we find a negative and close to zero value, a result also expected for the 4-state Potts model according to Okano et al.
The critical behavior of the Baxter-Wu model belongs to the universality class of the four-state Potts model. While the introduction of annealed vacancies does not alter the criticality of the four-state Potts model, the dilute Baxter-Wu model has remained the subject of several competing scenarios. Here we investigate the phase diagram of the spin-1 Baxter-Wu model in the presence of a crystal field using transfer-matrix calculations and large-scale Monte Carlo simulations. Our results reveal a systematic evolution of the effective critical behavior with increasing crystal field, accompanied by increasingly strong finite-size corrections near the crossover to the first-order regime. Along the line of continuous transitions, the central charge remains close to c=1, while the scaling dimensions systematically deviate from the spin-1/2 limit as the crystal field increases, consistent with either continuously varying effective critical exponents or a slow crossover between competing critical behaviors. The first-order regime is independently characterized through multicanonical simulations, which confirm the expected finite-size scaling and interfacial behavior. Taken together, our results provide a unified picture of the dilute spin-1 Baxter-Wu model, substantially narrowing the range of possible scenarios for the crossover between continuous and first-order phase transitions.
Critical scaling and universality in short-time dynamics for spin models on a twodimensional triangular lattice are investigated by using Monte Carlo simulation. Emphasis is placed on the dynamic evolution from fully ordered initial states to show that universal scaling exists already in the short-time regime in form of power-law behavior of the magnetization and Binder cumulant. The results measured for the dynamic and static critical exponents, θ, z, β and ν, confirm explicitly that the Potts models on the triangular lattice and square lattice belong to the same universality class. Our critical scaling analysis strongly suggests that the simulation for the dynamic relaxation can be used to determine numerically the universality.
We investigate the dynamical critical behavior of the two-dimensional three-state Potts model with single spin-flip dynamics in equilibrium. We focus on the mean-squared deviation of the magnetization M (MSD_{M}) as a function of time, as well as on the autocorrelation function of M. Our simulations reveal the existence of two crossover behaviors at times τ_{1}∼L^{z_{1}} and τ_{2}∼L^{z_{2}}, separating three dynamical regimes. MSD_{M} appears to shift from ordinary diffusion in the first regime, to anomalous diffusion in the second, and finally to be constant in the third regime. The magnetization autocorrelation function, on the other hand, is found to fluctuate between exponential decay, stretched-exponential decay, and then again exponential decay along these three regimes. This behavior is in agreement with the one reported recently for the two-dimensional Ising ferromagnet [Phys. Rev. E 108, 034118 (2023)2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.108.034118], indicating that the existence of two dynamic critical exponents is not a peculiarity of the Ising model itself. A comparison of both MSD_{M} and the magnetization's autocorrelation function suggests that within our numerical accuracy the exponents z_{1} and z_{2} are shared between the Ising and three-state Potts models at least for the particular case of single spin-flip dynamics studied here, even though their equilibrium universality classes are clearly distinct. Continuity of MSD_{M} requires that α(z_{2}-z_{1})=γ/ν-z_{1}, in which α is the anomalous exponent in the intermediate regime. Since the ratio γ/ν is not shared between the two models, it follows that α is not shared either, an aspect well verified in our simulations. Finally, we also discuss the relevance of our main findings using another useful observable, namely the line magnetization M_{l}.
The effectiveness of a Monte Carlo renormalization-group method is studied by applying it to the Baxter-Wu model (Ising spins on a triangular lattice with three-spin interactions). The calculations yield three relevant eigenvalues in good agreement with exact or conjectured results. We demonstrate that the method is capable of distinguishing between models expected to be in the same universality class, when one of them (four-state Potts) exhibits logarithmic corrections to the usual power-law singularities and the other (Baxter-Wu) does not.