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Quantum Information and Computation

Creating high dimensional entanglement using mode-locked lasers

Hugues de Riedmatten, I. Marcikic, Hugo Zbinden, Nicolas Gisin

Published Oct 1, 2002• 39 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a new scheme to generate high dimensional entanglement between two photonic systems. The idea is based on parametric down conversion with a sequence of pump pulses generated by a mode-locked laser. We prove experimentally the feasibility of this scheme by performing a Franson-type Bell test using a 2-way interferometer with path-length difference equal to the distance between 2 pump pulses. With this experiment, we can demonstrate entanglement for a two-photon state of at least dimension d=11. Finally, we propose a feasible experiment to show a Fabry-Perot like effect for a high dimensional two-photon state.

DOI
10.5555/2011492.2011493

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We present a new scheme to generate high dimensional entanglement between two photonic systems. The idea is based on parametric down conversion with a sequence of pump pulses generated by a mode-locked laser. We prove experimentally the feasibility of this scheme by performing a Franson-type Bell test using a 2-way interferometer with path-length difference equal to the distance between 2 pump pulses. With this experiment, we can demonstrate entanglement for a two-photon state of at least dimension d=11. Finally, we propose a feasible experiment to show a Fabry-Perot like effect for a high dimensional two-photon state.
We present a new scheme to generate high dimensional entanglement between two photonic systems. The idea is based on parametric down conversion with a sequence of pump pulses generated by a mode-locked laser. We prove experimentally the feasibility of this scheme by performing a Franson-type Bell test using a 2-way interferometer with path-length difference equal to the distance between 2 pump pulses. With this experiment, we can demonstrate entanglement for a two-photon state of at least dimension D=11. Finally, we propose a feasible experiment to show a Fabry-Perot like effect for a high dimensional two-photon state.
We present an experiment where two photonic systems of arbitrary dimensions can be entangled. The method is based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion with trains of ddd pump pulses with a fixed phase relation, generated by a mode-locked laser. This leads to a photon pair created in a coherent superposition of ddd discrete emission times, given by the successive laser pulses. Entanglement is shown by performing a two-photon interference experiment and by observing the visibility of the interference fringes increasing as a function of the dimension ddd. Factors limiting the visibility, such as the presence of multiple pairs in one train, are discussed.
We review recent theoretical and experimental works where are proposed and demonstrated how to use photon pairs created by spontaneous parametric down-conversion to generate entangled states of D-dimensional quantum systems, or qudits. This is the first demonstration of high-dimensional entanglement based on the intrinsic transverse momentum entanglement of the type-II down-converted photons. The qudit space is defined by an aperture made up of an opaque screen with D slits (paths), placed in the arms of the twin photons. By manipulating the pump beam profile we can prepare different entangled states of these possible paths. We focus our attention on an important case for applications in quantum information: the maximally entangled states. Experimental results for qudits with D=4 and D=8 are shown and measuring a two-photon conditional interference, we also demonstrate the nonclassical character of the correlations.
The Franson interferometer consists of two spatially separated unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometers through which the signal and the idler photons from spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) are made to transmit. It is often used to prepare time-bin entanglement of two photons in the two SPDC pumping regimes: the narrowband regime and the double-pulse regime. In the narrowband regime, the SPDC process is pumped by a narrowband cw laser with the coherence length much longer than the path length difference of the Franson interferometer. In the double-pulse regime, the longitudinal separation between the pulse pair is made equal to the path length difference of the Franson interferometer. In this paper, we propose another regime by which the generation of time-bin entanglement is possible and demonstrate the scheme experimentally.
We introduce a new technique to experimentally generate, control and measure entangled qutrits, 3-dimensional quantum systems. This scheme uses spontaneous parametric down converted photons and unbalanced 3-arm fiber optic interferometers in a scheme analogous to the Franson interferometric arrangement for qubits. The results reveal a source capable of generating maximally entangled states with a net state fidelity, F = 0.985 pm\\pmpm 0.018. Further the control over the system reveals a high, net, 2-photon interference fringe visibility, V = 0.919 pm\\pmpm 0.026, when the two phases are varied. This has all been done at telecom wavelengths thus facilitating the advancement to long distance higher dimensional quantum communication.