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Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

A microwave frequency standard based on laser-cooled /sup 171/Yb/sup +/ ions

Richard B. Warrington, Peter Fisk, Michael J. Wouters, M.A. Lawn

Published Jun 25, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report operation of a microwave frequency standard based on the 12.6 GHz ground-state hyperfine transition in a cloud of laser-cooled /sup 171/Yb/sup +/ ions. The projected performance of this standard (frequency uncertainty /spl les/ 4 /spl times/ 10/sup -15/ and stability 5 /spl times/ 10/sup -14/ /spl tau//sup -1/2/ for a 10 s Ramsey time) is comparable to that of a cesium fountain.

DOI
10.1109/cpem.2002.1034765

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We report operation of a microwave frequency standard based on the 12.6 GHz ground-state hyperfine transition in a cloud of laser-cooled /sup 171/Yb/sup +/ ions. The projected performance of this standard (frequency uncertainty /spl les/ 4 /spl times/ 10/sup -15/ and stability 5 /spl times/ 10/sup -14/ /spl tau//sup -1/2/ for a 10 s Ramsey time) is comparable to that of a cesium fountain.
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We describe experimental investigations of an optical frequency standard based on a single laser-cooled /sup 171/Yb/sup +/ ion confined in a radiofrequency Paul trap. The electric quadrupole transition from the /sup 2/S/sub 1/2 /(F=0) ground state to the /sup 2/D/sub 3/2/(F=2) state at 435.5 nm is used as the reference transition. The transition was resolved with a Fourier-limited width of approximately 30 Hz. In order to investigate the instability and accuracy of a future frequency standard based on the reference transition, a first experiment was done comparing two laser frequencies stabilized individually to two separate ions in different traps. As a result we found a relative frequency instability /spl sigma//sub y/(640 s)=1.5/spl middot/10/sup -15/ for the difference of the two laser frequencies. We also derived a first estimate /spl Theta/(/sup 2/D/sub 3/2/)=(3.9/spl plusmn/1.9)ea/sub 0//sup 2/ for the electric quadrupole moment of the /sup 2/D/sub 3/2/ state.
The authors report preliminary results of precision microwave-optical double resonance spectroscopy on buffer gas cooled /sup 171/Yb/sup +/ ions confined in a linear Paul trap as a microwave frequency standard at 12.6 GHz. They also report laser cooling of trapped /sup 171/Yb/sup +/ ions. Temperatures below 1 K have been achieved, and evidence for a phase transition to a crystal-like state has been found. This temperature is sufficiently low to reduce the fractional second-order Doppler shift of the microwave resonance to below 10/sup -14/.>