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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Self-oscillation and self-pumped phase conjugation in Cr:YAlO/sub 3/

Ian C. McMichael, Tallis Y. Chang

Published Jan 1, 1996• 1 citation
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Abstract

Summary form only given. When two beams of different frequency interact in a medium with a local nonlinear optical response, one beam experiences gain at the expense of the other. We refer to this process as nondegenerate two-wave mixing. This paper shows measurements of the nondegenerate two-wave mixing gain for a weak probe beam interacting with a strong pump beam in a crystal of Cr:YAlO/sub 3/. The laser wavelength is 515 nm and the probe is down-shifted with respect to the pump by approximately 5 Hz. Gain in excess of 12 times is obtained.

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Oct 1, 1996•3 citations
Summary form only given. When two beams of different frequency interact in a medium with a local nonlinear optical response, one beam experiences gain at the expense of the other. We refer to this process as nondegenerate two-wave mixing. This paper shows measurements of the nondegenerate two-wave mixing gain for a weak probe beam interacting with a strong pump beam in a crystal of Cr:YAlO/sub 3/. The laser wavelength is 515 nm and the probe is down-shifted with respect to the pump by approximately 5 Hz. Gain in excess of 12 times is obtained.
The effects of linear absorption on the degenerate and nondegenerate self-oscillation of a photorefractive phase-conjugate mirror under condition of anisotropic four-wave mixing are considered. The phase conjugation results from nonlinear mixing of two strong undepleted orthogonally polarized counterpropagating pump waves with a probe wave. We consider two types of situation for orthogonally polarized pump beams corresponding to two crystal families: one such as the Bi12SiO20 crystal family (sillenite family) and the other such as the BaTiO3 and strontium barium niobate crystal family. In both of these crystal families the degenerate and nondegenerate self-oscillations are shown to occur in the presence of linear absorption, which tends to increase the value of the coupling coefficient required for self-oscillation. Numerical results are presented that exhibit various features of degenerate and nondegenerate self-oscillation in both crystal families for different values of the phase ϕb of the backward grating.
We have performed nondegenerate four-wave mixing measurements on Cr(3+) ions in three crystals: BeAl(2)O(4), Gd(3)Sc(2)Ga(3)O(12), and LaMgAl(11)O(19). Two laser beams of the same frequency were used to resonantly pump one of the absorption bands of Cr(3+), and probe beams with three different wavelengths ranging from 442 to 1064 nm were used to generate a signal from the laser-induced population grating. The observed four-wave mixing signal strength was found to increase as the wavelength of the probe beam was decreased. A model was utilized to explain these results based on the change in polarizability of the Cr(3+) ions when they are in the metastable state versus the ground state, and it was found that the dispersion effects can be described by a single-oscillator model with the lowest-energy charge-transfer transition of Cr(3+) making the dominant contribution to the signal.
We have developed a theory for nondegenerate oscillations in optical resonators containing an intracavity phase-conjugate element. The phase-conjugate element consists of a nonlinear transparent medium that is pumped externally by a pair of counterpropagating laser beams of the same frequency and intensity. Phase conjugation of an input beam of slightly different frequency occurs because of nondegenerate four-wave mixing. The theory takes into account linear absorption (or gain) in the medium and is applied to study the threshold behavior of phase-conjugate oscillators. For the special case of no conventional mirrors, the phase-conjugate oscillator reduces to an ordinary phase-conjugate mirror, and our general formulation yields the results of previous studies. Our analysis shows that the parametric gain required for oscillation increases (or decreases) as a result of linear absorption (or gain) in the medium, and oscillation can occur at a frequency different from that of the pump beams in the presence of large linear gain (or loss). The effects of linear absorption (or gain) on the filter operation are also examined.
Recent experimental observation of large probe beam gain at moderate laser power in a Kerrlike nonlinear medium demonstrated the possibility of constructing a self-pump ring oscillator and phase conjugator. We present a detailed theory, based on experimental parameters, of the working principles of such multiwave mixing mediated devices. The theory accounts for the side diffractions, which are responsible for probe beam gain in a Kerrlike medium, and other relevant parameters such as noise, loss, phase modulation, intensity dependences, etc.
The solution of the nondegenerate two-wave-mixing problem in an absorptive Kerr medium including the contribution from nonlinear absorption is obtained for the first time to our knowledge. This solution enables us to analyze the influence of nonlinear absorption on the two-wave-mixing gain and account for previously unexplained results reported for ruby and Cr3+:YAlO3. The effect of nonlinear absorption of a pump beam on the gain of a probe beam is shown to be minimized when incident intensities of the interacting beams are equal. The intensity dependence of the two-wave-mixing gain for dispersive (ruby and Cr3+:YAlO3) media and the gain measurements for absorptive (fluorescein-doped glass) media are also in agreement with the new theory.