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Comparison of Cluster Models in the Interpretation of Green Fluorescence Experiment Performed on 6 High Concentration Erbium-Doped Silica Fibres

Jacob L. Philepsen, Jes Broeng, Anders Bjarklev, Jens Engholm, Pedersen Bera, Pálsdóttir

Published Jul 11, 1996• 2 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We formulate a new and detailed 3-energy-level model for clustered Er3+-ions and use it in the interpretation of a green fluorescence experiment for characterizing energy transfer upconversion in clusters. We compare with the results obtained by use of an already existing model. Furthermore, comparison between 6 different fibres shows that for increasing Er3+-concentration, a larger fraction of the Er3+-ions become clustered, but the quenching through energy transfer upconversion on the other hand becomes slower, and quenching times for clustered Er3+-ions as long as several hundred μs are observed.

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Oct 1, 2005•18 citations
We formulate a new and detailed 3-energy-level model for clustered Er3+-ions and use it in the interpretation of a green fluorescence experiment for characterizing energy transfer upconversion in clusters. We compare with the results obtained by use of an already existing model. Furthermore, comparison between 6 different fibres shows that for increasing Er3+-concentration, a larger fraction of the Er3+-ions become clustered, but the quenching through energy transfer upconversion on the other hand becomes slower, and quenching times for clustered Er3+-ions as long as several hundred μs are observed.
From careful studies of the 1530-nm fluorescence decay, we obtain the rate of energy transfer upconversion as a function of the inverted population for a series of nine highly Er-doped silica fibers (with concentrations from 0.3 to 8.6/spl middot/10/sup 25/ Er/sup 3+/-ions per m/sup 3/). The results demonstrate that the slow component (microsecond to millisecond scale) of the upconversion, usually referred to as the homogeneous upconversion, is clearly nonquadratic in its dependence on the inverted population, contrary to previous assumptions in the literature. In a second part, we present a new detailed model for energy transfer upconversion, permitting-to our knowledge for the first time-calculation of the rate of migration accelerated upconversion for any given spatial distribution of Er/sup 3+/-ions. We demonstrate that the results from the decay measurements may be explained with this model. Next, we review the results from a CW green fluorescence detection experiment for the determination of the degree of clustering, which was previously performed on five of the nine fibers. We find accordance between these results and our model, with parameters consistent with those needed to fit the results of the decay experiment, and we arrive at a new conclusion about the nature of clustering.
We report a new analytical method to evaluate the accuracy of a statistical model of the migration assisted upconversion in Er-doped fibres. Unlike the mean-field approach to the excitation back transfer which was used in a previous statistical model, we use a new approximation accounting for the variance of population of the first excited level. Such an approach presents more realistic physical description of the excitation – emission processes in heavily-doped Er-based fibres. Implementing these results, we find that the accuracy of upconversion rate calculations is within 13% if the concentration of erbium ions is smaller than the critical one.
Measurements of time evolution of amplified spontaneous emission for square-wave modulated pump were made on a highly erbium-doped silica photonic crystal fiber and fitted to theoretical results calculated using different formalisms to describe theEr3+{\rm Er}^{3+}Er3+-ion migration-assisted co-operative upconversion mechanism in the population densities rate equations. The determined characterization parameters are the constant homogeneous upconversion coefficient, 3.0×10−24 m3/s\times 10^{-24}~{\rm m}^{3}/{\rm s}×10−24 m3/s, the critical radii for upconversion and migration, 10.5 and 14Å, respectively, and the rate of clustered ions, 14%. These parameters are analysed and compared to those obtained with continuous-wave pump characterization techniques. Although similar values are obtainable for many parameters using steady-state and dynamic characterization techniques, if a careful enough modelling is carried out, dynamic techniques are preferable to assess the presence of pair-induced quenching.
Applying a nonlinear spectroscopic technique, we accurately monitor the dynamics of the homogeneous upconversion (HUC) in Er-doped fibers. We provide the first experimental confirmation, to our knowledge, of the earlier theoretical predictions that, for low erbium concentrations, a decay of HUC-influenced excitation probability of Er ions can be well approximated by the formula describing the static HUC. By correlating the experimentally obtained HUC dynamics with the results of our analytical model in a wide range of Er concentrations, we accurately estimate energy-transfer parameters for Er-doped silica glass and experimentally assess the validity of the model.