Selected Applications of Quantum Physics

Seng Ghee Tan, Ching Hua Lee, M. B. A. Jalil

Jacques Vanier, Cipriana Tomescu

The chapter recalls the main mathematical concepts used in the monograph. Then, elementary reviews are given of several subfields of physics including classical mechanics, electromagnetism, relativity and quantum physics. It introduces the concept of conservation of selected physical entities. Several applications are described and examples are provided.

Mohammad Reza Pahlavani

This book has two sections. The section Selected Topics in Applications of Quantum Mechanics provides seven chapters about different applications of quantum mechanics in science and technology. The section Selected Topics in Foundations of Quantum Mechanics provides seven chapters about the foundations of quantum mechanics. This book is written by a community of expert scientists from different research institutes and universities from all over the world. Without a doubt, quantum mechanics is the greatest discovery of the 20th century. Therefore, its history and foundations are of great interest to scientists and students. This book covers some of the applications of quantum mechanics in nuclear physics, medical science, information technology, atomic physics and material science, as well as selected topics of quantum mechanics through different bases and ideas about quantum mechanics. The basic idea of the publication of this book is to make scientists and researchers, as well as graduate students, familiar with the foundations of quantum mechanics.

Dennis Lima, Rakesh Kumar Saini, Saif M. Al-Kuwari

Quantum Genetic Algorithms (QGA) are an emerging field of multivariate quantum optimization that emulate Darwinian evolution and natural selection, with vast applications in chemistry and engineering. The appropriate application of fitness functions and fitness selection is the problem-encoding step and the slowest step in designing QGAs for specific physical applications. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of these crucial steps. Our survey maps cases of quantum advantage, classifies and illustrates QGAs and their subroutines, and discusses the two main physical problems tackled by QGAs: potential energy minimization of particles on a sphere and molecular eigensolving. We conclude that the encoding used by the Thomson problem is a decisive step toward the use of QGAs in a variety of physical applications, while Grover’s search as a selection step in Reduced QGAs is the main driver of speedup. Although the small scale of simulations and the emergent nature of QGA optimizations make their complexity analyses difficult, recent studies are focusing on strategies to scale QGAs up.