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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Towards an indium single-ion optical frequency standard

Thomas Matthias Becker, M. Eichenseer, Alexander Yu. Nevsky, E. Peik, C. Schewedes, Mikhail N Skvortsov, Joachim von Zanthier, HERBERT WALTHER

Published Nov 13, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. A single laser-cooled ion in a radio frequency trap represents a good approximation to the spectroscopic ideal of an atom in a perturbation-free environment. A narrow transition in such an ion can serve as a reference for a frequency standard of very high accuracy and stability.
DOI
10.1109/qels.2001.962037

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Summary form only given. Laser-cooled ions in radiofrequency traps are the atomic systems that allow the highest resolution (ratio of frequency to linewidth) in optical or microwave spectroscopy. They can serve as references in highly stable frequency standards and also enable precise tests of fundamental physics. We present recent results on our In/sup +/ optical frequency standard, based on the 5s/sup 2/ /sup 1/S/sub 0//spl rarr/5s5p /sup 3/P/sub 0/ transition at 236.5 nm wavelength. This transition has a natural linewidth of only 0.82 Hz and is highly immune to systematic frequency shifts.
Transitions between discrete energy levels in well-isolated atomic systems are highly reproducible and therefore make ideal references for highly accurate frequency standards or clocks. In particular, a single laser-cooled ion confined in a radiofrequency ion trap closely approximates the spectroscopic ideal of a particle at rest in a perturbation-free environment. Narrow optical transitions in such systems are therefore very promising for the realization of optical clocks with accuracy around 2 orders of magnitude higher than current microwave primary standards. In this paper the fundamental aspects, current performance and applications of trapped ion optical clocks are reviewed and the potential for future improvements is considered.
A single laser cooled ion in a radiofrequency trap can serve as the basis for a highly stable optical frequency standard. We present recent results of our work on single indium ions, using the /sup 1/S/sub 0/ to /sup 3/P/sub 0/ transition at 236.5 nm wave-length as the clock transition. This resonance has a linewidth of only 0.82 Hz where systematic shifts should be controllable on the mHz level. A single In/sup +/ ion is stored in a miniature Paul-Straubel trap and laser cooled to a temperature of about 100 /spl mu/K. The clock transition is excited using a frequency quadrupled Nd:YAG laser. A fractional resolution of 1.3/spl middot/10/sup -13/ has been achieved so far (linewidth of 170 Hz at 1267 THz). The absolute frequency of the clock transition clock transition has been measured with an uncertainty of 2/spl middot/10/sup -13/ using a frequency chain and a methane-stabilized HeNe laser as a reference, that was calibrated with a cesium clock.
Summary form only given. A single laser-cooled indium ion, stored in a radio-frequency trap, is expected to be one of the most promising candidates for the creation of a new generation of optical frequency standards with an anticipated accuracy of up to 10/sup -18/. On the way to achieving such a high level of accuracy, one of the main limitations is the short-term frequency instability of the laser system, used to excite the narrow /sup 1/S/sub 0/-/sup 3/P/sub 0/ In/sup +/ clock transition. Since the signal from the single ion is small, the laser system should posses extremely high frequency stability (on the level of /spl Delta/v/v=10/sup -14//spl divide/10/sup -15/) for averaging times of about one second in order to reduce statistical uncertainties and to minimize the time of experiment. In this paper, we report our recent results on the improvement of the short-term frequency stability of the laser system.
We report on the current status of the optical frequency standard based on a single 115In+ ion. A single Indium ion is being trapped in a Paul-Strauble type trap and cooled in combination of Doppler cooling and sideband cooling to its lowest vibrational states. To interrogate the1S0-3P0clock transition with high accuracy we demonstrate a Hz-level laser system resonant to this transition. With the current setup we are able to achieve a measured linewidth of the clock transition of 260 Hz. The statistical uncertainty of the absolute frequency measurement is 3×10-13, limited mainly by our reference frequency standard.