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Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)

Progress Toward an Optical Frequency Standard Based on a Single Indium Ion

Y. H. Wang, T. Liu, Alois Stejskal, Y. N. Zhao, Jie Zhang, Z. H. Lu, Rainer Dumke, L. J. Wang, Th. Becker, HERBERT WALTHER

Published Jun 1, 2006• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on the current status of the optical frequency standard based on a single 115In+ ion. A single Indium ion is being trapped in a Paul-Strauble type trap and cooled in combination of Doppler cooling and sideband cooling to its lowest vibrational states. To interrogate the1S0-3P0clock transition with high accuracy we demonstrate a Hz-level laser system resonant to this transition. With the current setup we are able to achieve a measured linewidth of the clock transition of 260 Hz. The statistical uncertainty of the absolute frequency measurement is 3×10-13, limited mainly by our reference frequency standard.

DOI
10.1109/freq.2006.275421

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Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements•Aug 1, 2014•0 citations
We report on the current status of the optical frequency standard based on a single 115In+ ion. A single Indium ion is being trapped in a Paul-Strauble type trap and cooled in combination of Doppler cooling and sideband cooling to its lowest vibrational states. To interrogate the1S0-3P0clock transition with high accuracy we demonstrate a Hz-level laser system resonant to this transition. With the current setup we are able to achieve a measured linewidth of the clock transition of 260 Hz. The statistical uncertainty of the absolute frequency measurement is 3×10-13, limited mainly by our reference frequency standard.
A single laser cooled ion in a radiofrequency trap can serve as the basis for a highly stable optical frequency standard. We present recent results of our work on single indium ions, using the /sup 1/S/sub 0/ to /sup 3/P/sub 0/ transition at 236.5 nm wave-length as the clock transition. This resonance has a linewidth of only 0.82 Hz where systematic shifts should be controllable on the mHz level. A single In/sup +/ ion is stored in a miniature Paul-Straubel trap and laser cooled to a temperature of about 100 /spl mu/K. The clock transition is excited using a frequency quadrupled Nd:YAG laser. A fractional resolution of 1.3/spl middot/10/sup -13/ has been achieved so far (linewidth of 170 Hz at 1267 THz). The absolute frequency of the clock transition clock transition has been measured with an uncertainty of 2/spl middot/10/sup -13/ using a frequency chain and a methane-stabilized HeNe laser as a reference, that was calibrated with a cesium clock.
Single laser-cooled ions in radiofrequency traps can serve as the basis for highly stable optical frequency standards. Here we present recent results on In+, using the 1S0 yields 3P0 line at 236.5 nm wavelength as the clock transition. This resonance has a natural linewidth of only 0.82 Hz and systematic shifts should be controllable at the mHz level. A single indium ion is stored in a miniature Paul- Straubel trap and laser cooled to a temperature of about 100 (mu) K. The clock transition is excited using a frequency quadrupled 946 nm Nd:YAG laser. A fractional resolution of 1.3 (DOT) 10-13 has been achieved so far (linewidth of 170 Hz at 1267 THz). The absolute optical frequency of the clock transition has been measured with an uncertainty being less than 3 (DOT) 10-13 using a frequency chain and a methane-stabilized HeNe laser that was calibrated with a cesium clock.
In this paper experiments with single trapped ions are reviewed. They are performed with the aim of developing a new frequency standard and to perform cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments with single ions. For a new optical frequency standard we are investigating the 5s21S0 implied by 5s5p3P0 transition of a single trapped laser-cooled 115In(superscript + ion. This line with a natural linewidth of only 0.8 Hz is highly immune to systematic frequency shifts. For sideband laser cooling and fluorescence detection of the indium ion the 5s21S0 implied by 5s5p3P1 transition at 230.6 nm is used. Temperatures below 100 (mu) K and a mean vibrational quantum number <n><1 of the ion in the trap have been reached. For the clock transition a resolution of 1.3 multiplied by 10-13 (linewidth 170 Hz) has been obtained so far, limited by the short term frequency fluctuations of the clock laser. The absolute frequency of the 1S0 implied by 3P0 transition was measured by making a link to the reference frequency of the methane-stabilized HeNe laser using a frequency chain. In the second part of the paper the present status of the experiments on the ion trap laser are briefly described.
We are investigating the 5s/sup 21/S/sub 0//spl rarr/5s5p/sup 3/P/sub 0/ transition of a single trapped laser-cooled /sup 115/In/sup +/ ion as a possible optical frequency standard. This line with a natural linewidth of only 1.1 Hz, corresponding to a Q factor of 1.2/spl middot/10/sup 15/, is highly immune to systematic frequency shifts due to external perturbations. For sideband laser cooling and fluorescence detection of the indium ion the 5s/sup 21/S/sub 0//spl rarr/5s5p/sup 3/P/sub 1/ transition at 230.6 nm is excited. Temperatures below 100 /spl mu/K and a mean vibrational quantum number<1 of the ion in the trap have been reached. For the clock transition a resolution of 3/spl middot/10/sup -13/ (linewidth 350 Hz) has been obtained so far, limited by the laser linewidth. The absolute frequency of the /sup 1/S/sub 0//spl rarr//sup 3/P/sub 0/ transition was measured by making a link to known reference frequencies of molecular iodine and methane using a frequency chain.
We report on the progress toward an indium ion optical frequency standard with an expected accuracy of 10-18. A115In+has been successfully prepared by sympathetic cooling with two laser-cooled40Ca+ions. The clock laser at 237 nm has been constructed as the forth harmonic of an amplified diode laser with a linewidth smaller than 0.9 Hz. After beam shaping and intensity stabilization a power over 10 mW is available for the clock transition (1S0-3P0) interrogation. Observation of the clock transition is in progress by employing the electron shelving method using the1S0-3P1transition at 230 nm.