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Il Nuovo Cimento B

New boundary conditions in tunneling

Antonio Boulhosa Nassar, José Maria Filardo Bassalo, P. T. S. Alencar, V. F. Serra, Fatima Nazare Barauna Magno, M. Cattani

Published Apr 1, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Via the hydrodynamical formulation of quantum mechanics, we propose new boundary conditions to the problem of tunneling through sharp-edged potential barriers with and without dissipation. Above all, these boundary conditions can be matched without assuming continuity of the wave function at a surface σ where the potential undergoes a finite jump. Our approach yields a general expression for transmission probability from which tunneling with and without dissipation can be directly correlated to standard discussions found in textbooks.

DOI
10.1393/ncb/i2003-10093-4

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Via the hydrodynamical formulation of quantum mechanics, we propose new boundary conditions to the problem of tunneling through sharp-edged potential barriers with and without dissipation. Above all, these boundary conditions can be matched without assuming continuity of the wave function at a surface σ where the potential undergoes a finite jump. Our approach yields a general expression for transmission probability from which tunneling with and without dissipation can be directly correlated to standard discussions found in textbooks.
Abstract A distinguishing feature of quantum mechanics, as compared with classical mechanics, is the phenomenon of matter exhibiting wave-like properties. A direct consequence of this wave property of particles is the tunneling of particles through potential energy barriers.-3 The classical particle is forbidden from penetrating the barrier region. In this chapter, the problem of one-dimensional (1D) quantum mechanical tunneling of particles through potential barriers of arbitrary shape is treated. We show that tunneling is a mixed boundary value problem, and obtain the action integral that leads to Schrodinger’s equation and at the same time gives the equations defining the boundary conditions (BCs).
Quantum tunneling in one spatial dimension in the presence of time-dependent potentials is investigated theoretically. First, a general multichannel formulation of the problem is given for harmonic time-dependence. The case of an oscillatory delta-function potential of constant strength is discussed at length and specific numerical calculations are presented for the reflection and transmission coefficients. Then other exactly solvable time-dependent potentials are obtained by carrying out successive unitary transformations. As an example of this class, a delta-function potential with time-dependent strength and boundary conditions is studied. Finally tunneling time-delay for time-dependent potentials is formulated in the multichannel situation, and also the concept of first passage time for the decay of a wave packet confined to one well of a double well potential is generalized for the case of time-dependent barrier and boundary conditions.
Usually tunneling is established after imposing some matching conditions on the (time-independent) wavefunction and its first derivative at the boundaries of a barrier. Here an alternative scheme is proposed to determine tunneling and estimate transmission probabilities in time-dependent problems, which takes advantage of the trajectory picture provided by Bohmian mechanics. From this theory, a general functional expression for the transmission probability in terms of the system initial state can be reached. This expression is used here to analyze tunneling properties and estimate transmissions in the case of initial Gaussian wave packets colliding with ramp-like barriers.
For a particle inside a one-dimensional finite-deep square well potential, we try to substitute the continuity condition of the first-order derivative of logarithm of wave functions by the general boundary conditions. It seems more reasonable than that replaceing the usual boundary condition forcing wave functions to vanish at two walls for a free particle confined in a one-dimensional box. It is found that the continuity condition of probability current density might be damaged, if the values of parameters ρ and θ are arbitrary. In addition, the constrained conditions for the parameters ρ and θ are given and a new class of analytical solutions is obtained.\;