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Journal of Applied Physics

Optical gain on the I2 (B3Πo+→X3Σg+) system produced by a visible wavelength diode laser

Steven J. Davis, Karl W. Holtzclaw

Published Jul 15, 2000• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the results of a measurement of subdoppler gain profiles in molecular iodine produced by a low power tunable diode laser. Using a sensitive, two beam detection method, we have measured absorptions and amplifications that are only a few parts in 104. Amplification was observed for pump laser powers of only 200 μW, and the optical gain observed varied linearly with pump power. Comparisons with a simple, steady-state model are also discussed.

DOI
10.1063/1.373712

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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics•Sep 1, 1981•12 citations
We report the results of a measurement of subdoppler gain profiles in molecular iodine produced by a low power tunable diode laser. Using a sensitive, two beam detection method, we have measured absorptions and amplifications that are only a few parts in 104. Amplification was observed for pump laser powers of only 200 μW, and the optical gain observed varied linearly with pump power. Comparisons with a simple, steady-state model are also discussed.
We study sub-Doppler saturation resonances at cesium molecular transitions in the absorption band B1Πu ← X1∑g+ near 780 nm by using a commercial diode laser. The saturation power is measured as low as 5.7 mW with the laser beam diameter of 0.1 cm. Optical saturation is associated with the optical pumping of molecular ground-state levels. The long relaxation time of ground-state levels could attract interest to electromagnetically induced transparency and quantum state memory in the molecular gas. We propose to use the molecular transitions as references for doubled-frequency sources in the communication band around 1550 nm.
An absorption cell for the 1.315 mu m iodine laser wavelength has been constructed using thermal dissociation of molecular iodine vapour to produce ground-state iodine atoms. Measurements of the small-signal absorption coefficient for iodine pressures up to 5 Torr and temperatures up to 750 degrees C have been compared with the predictions of a simple thermodynamic model of the iodine dissociation equilibrium, and satisfactory agreement obtained. The model readily allows calculation of operating conditions required for the use of the iodine absorber as a saturable absorber, for free-induction decay pulse generation and for coherent pulse propagation experiments.
The output from two grating-stabilized external-cavity diode lasers were injected into a single-mode diode laser. Operating at a wavelength of 780 nm, this laser produced ~50 mW of power with two main frequency components of the same spectral characteristics of the seed lasers. The power ratio of the amplified components was freely adjustable due to gain saturation, and amplification was observed for frequency differences of the two seed lasers in the range from 73 MHz to 6.6 GHz. This system was used to realize a dual isotope magneto-optic trap (MOT) for rubidium (85Rb and 87Rb). The resulting position and cloud size of the dual isotope MOT was the same as that of the single species MOTs to within "±10 and "±20 μm, respectively. We also characterized the additional spectral components produced by four wave mixing (FWM) in the diode laser amplifier and utilized a particular FWM sideband to realize hyperfine pumping and subsequent laser trapping of 85Rb in the absence of a "repump" laser dedicated to hyperfine pumping.
Abstract : This program investigated the feasibility of producing degenerate two wave mixing gain in a noninverted resonant medium with local response. According to theory, two wave mixing gain should be possible if the resulting index grating is shifted in space with respect to the intensity grating produced by the two crossed beams. A pulsed molecular beam valve operated at 100 C was used to produce the supersonically cooled I2 jet. To achieve the moving grating effect, the pump and probe beams were to be crossed in a plane containing the flow axis, with each beam nearly perpendicular to that axis. The pulsed beam valve produced a broad forward peaked distribution of molecules. The velocity distribution at any given point, however, was mainly along the direction of the line joining that point to the nozzle orifice. This was the evidenced by the fluorescence pattern along the laser beam path, which consisted of sharp filaments across the laser beam corresponding to various hyperfine components of a single rotational transition Doppler tuned into resonance with the laser beam at various angles of inclination. Gain in the planned experiment would be observable only within a narrow range of detuning (obtained by crossing the pump and probe beams), and therefore only a small solid angle of the I2 jet is useful. Various nozzles were tried with the pulsed valve device. Under the best circumstances, an integrated absorption of only about 10% was measured. With the required angular selection, the expected gain would be on the order of .01%. Since the stability of the laser was such that even after signal averaging a noise of the order of 0.1% remained, it precluded our attempt to demonstrate gain, self pumped, supersonic flow. Keywords: Iodine.
The disturbance of the optical homogeneity of high-energy, 1.315 μm atomic iodine amplifier systems by gas density changes, produced by gas-dynamic effects following nonuniform photolysis, has been analyzed for a wide range of line-broadening buffer gases. Mechanisms of photolysis gas heating and the relative merit of different buffer gases for minimizing density changes are discussed. An experimental study of the buffer gas dependence has shown good agreement with the gas-dynamic analysis. The model has been used to determine conditions for diffraction-limited amplification for varying pump times and buffer gas composition for typical large amplifier pumping profiles, showing the possibility for significantly increasing pump pulse duration.