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Publications of the Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences

Remarks on Functional Integral Representations of Quantum Evolutions for Systems with Electromagnetic Fields

Lech S. Papiez

Published Feb 28, 1989• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The solutions of Schrödinger equation in the form of the Dyson series are used as the starting point for functional integral representations of wave functions. Quantum systems in the presence of the external electromagnetic fields are discussed in this respect. The results on measure theoretic approach to functional integral representations of quantum states are proved and related to the appropriate mathematical formulations of Feynman path integrals.

DOI
10.2977/prims/1195173766

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The solutions of Schrödinger equation in the form of the Dyson series are used as the starting point for functional integral representations of wave functions. Quantum systems in the presence of the external electromagnetic fields are discussed in this respect. The results on measure theoretic approach to functional integral representations of quantum states are proved and related to the appropriate mathematical formulations of Feynman path integrals.
The quantum evolution of an N-body system of particles that mutually interact through scalar fields and couple to an arbitrary external electromagnetic field is rigorously described. Both operator and kernel valued solutions to the evolution problem are found. Based upon a particular realization of the Dyson expansion, a convergent series representation of the propagator (the kernel of the Schrödinger time evolution operator) is obtained. The basic approach is to embed the quantum evolution problem in the larger class of evolution problems that result if mass is allowed to be complex. Quantum evolution with real mass is considered to be the boundary value of the complex mass evolution problem. The constructive representation of the propagator is determined for the class of analytic scalar and vector fields that are given as Fourier transforms of time-dependent scalar and vector-valued measures.
The quantizer–dequantizer method is employed. Using the construction of probability distributions describing density operators of a quantum system states, the connection between the Feynman path integral and the time evolution of the density operator (Landau density matrix) as well as the wave function of the stateconsidered. For single–mode systems with continuous variables, a tomographic propagator is introduced in the probability representation of quantum mechanics. An explicit expression for the probability in terms of the Green function of the Schrödinger equation is obtained. Equations for the Green functions defined by arbitrary integrals of motion are derived. Examples of probability distributions describing the evolution of state of a free particle, as well as states of systems with integrals of motion that depend on time (oscillator type) are discussed.
Starting from our idea of combining the Feynman path integral spirit and the Dyson series kernel, we find an explicit and general form of time evolution operator that is a ccc-number function and a power series of perturbation including all order approximations in the unperturbed Hamiltonian representation. Based on it, we obtain an exact solution of the Schrödinger equation in general quantum systems independent of time. Comparison of our exact solution with the existed perturbation theory makes some features and significance of our exact solution clear. The conclusions expressly indicate that our exact solution is obviously consistent with the usual time-independent perturbation theory at any order approximation, it explicitly calculates out the expanding coefficients of the unperturbed state in the non-perturbation method, and it fully solves the recurrence equation of the expansion coefficients of final state in the unperturbed Hamiltonian representation from a view of time-dependent perturbation theory. At the same time, the exact solution of the von Neumann equation is also given. Our results can be thought of as theoretical developments of quantum dynamics, and are helpful for understanding the dynamical behavior and related subjects of general quantum systems in both theory and application. Our exact solution, together with its sequence studies on perturbation theory [An Min Wang, quant-ph/0611217] and open system dynamics [An Min Wang, quant-ph/0601051] can be used to establish the foundation of theoretical formulism of quantum mechanics in general quantum systems. Further applications of our exact solution to quantum theory can be expected.
A class of functions ℋnF was chosen, which are boundary values of holomorphic functions. It was shown that if the potential V∈ℋnF and the initial wave function ψ∈ℋnF then the solution of the Schrödinger equation is ψt∈ℋnF. The unitary evolution ψ → ψt can be expressed by an integral with respect to the Wiener measure. To each ψt∈ℋnF is associated a complex Markov process qt fulfilling stochastic Hamilton equations. The time evolution of ψ as well as multitime correlation functions of arbitrary observables in quantum mechanics take the form of expectation values with respect to qt. Some statistical and ergodic aspects of quantum mechanics resulting from the stochastic interpretation of Feynman’s sum over trajectories are discussed.
The main aim of the present paper is using a Chernoff theorem (i.e., the Chernoff formula) to formulate and to prove some rigorous results on representations for solutions of Schrödinger equations by the Hamiltonian Feynman path integrals (=Feynman integrals over trajectories in the phase space). The corresponding theorem is related to the original (Feynman) approach to Feynman path integrals over trajectories in the phase space in much the same way as the famous theorem of Nelson is related to the Feynman approach to the Feynman path integral over trajectories in the configuration space. We also give a representation for solutions of some Schrödinger equations by a series which represents an integral with respect to the complex Poisson measure on trajectories in the phase space.