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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Nonlocal effects in the photoelectric detection of light

Hong Cao, L. Mandeļ

Published Jan 1, 1986• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The use of photoelectric detectors for counting photons is commonplace, and even one-photon states can now be realized experimentally.1,2 It is usually taken for granted that a photoelectric detection at some position at some time corresponds to the annihilation of a photon at that place at that time. Of course, the limited detection efficiency of practical detectors means that the photon number cannot usually be determined unambiguously.

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The use of photoelectric detectors for counting photons is commonplace, and even one-photon states can now be realized experimentally.1,2 It is usually taken for granted that a photoelectric detection at some position at some time corresponds to the annihilation of a photon at that place at that time. Of course, the limited detection efficiency of practical detectors means that the photon number cannot usually be determined unambiguously.
We report on the implementation of a time-multiplexed click detection scheme to probe quantum correlations between different spatial optical modes. We demonstrate that such measurement setups can uncover nonclassical correlations in multimode light fields even if the single mode reductions are purely classical. The nonclassical character of correlated photon pairs, generated by a parametric down-conversion, is immediately measurable employing the theory of click counting instead of low-intensity approximations with photoelectric detection models. The analysis is based on second- and higher-order moments, which are directly retrieved from the measured click statistics, for relatively high mean photon numbers. No data postprocessing is required to demonstrate the effects of interest with high significance, despite low efficiencies and experimental imperfections. Our approach shows that such novel detection schemes are a reliable and robust way to characterize quantum-correlated light fields for practical applications in quantum communications.
Wait-time distributions for the nthn\mathrm{th}nth photodetection at a detector illuminated by a stationary light beam are studied. Both unconditional measurements, initiated at an arbitrary instant, and conditional measurements, initiated upon a photodetection, are considered. Simple analytic expressions are presented for several classical and quantum sources of light and are used to quantify and compare photon sequences generated by them. These distributions can be measured in photon-counting experiments and are useful in characterizing and generating photon sequences with prescribed statistics. The effects of nonunit detection efficiency are also discussed, and curves are presented to illustrate the behavior.