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Annual Meeting Optical Society of America

Two-photon detection of light

Y. Qu, Surendra Singh

Published Jan 1, 1993• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Fluctuation properties of light fields as reflected in two-photon detection experiments are discussed.
DOI
10.1364/oam.1993.faa.5

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The paper contains a quantum theoretical analysis of laser beam fluctuations and of the light beat experiments with two lasers. With the help of experimental results on photon counting fluctuations in a single-mode laser field, some correlation properties of the field are derived. It is shown that the correlation equations are satisfied by states of the field which are much more general than "coherent" states. The equations lead directly to the spectral density of the intensity operator in the light beat experiments, which can be obtained from photoelectric measurements. The resulting expression is practically identical to that found by Forrester for light having thermal statistical properties. The reasons for this are discussed by a comparison of the corresponding probability distributions of photon counts and of the classical wave amplitude.
In quantum mechanics it is possible to pack an arbitrary number of bosons into the same quantum state. The maximum occupancy for fermions, however is one. Back in 1956 two British scientists, Hanbury Brown and Twiss, conducted a classic experiment that showed that photons, a type of boson, have a tendency to bunch into clusters. Their experiment comprised two light sources and two detectors set up to measure the light that was transmitted and reflected by a beam splitter at the centre of the experimental configuration (see figure a). The bunching was observed by measuring the intensity correlation between the two coherent beams of light as a function of time. Hanbury Brown and Twiss measured the likelihood of observing a fluctuation in one detector at a particular time when a signal was detected at an earlier time in the other detector. The positive correlation they found was consistent with the bunching property of bosons.
We consider two-component ``spinor'' slow light in an ensemble of atoms coherently driven by two pairs of counterpropagating control laser fields in a double tripod-type linkage scheme. We derive an equation of motion for the spinor slow light (SSL) representing an effective Dirac equation for a massive particle with the mass determined by the two-photon detuning. By changing the detuning the atomic medium acts as a photonic crystal with a controllable band gap. If the frequency of the incident probe light lies within the band gap, the light experiences reflection from the sample and can tunnel through it. For frequencies outside the band gap, the transmission and reflection probabilities oscillate with the increasing length of the sample. In both cases the reflection takes place into the complementary mode of the probe field. We investigate the influence of the finite excited state lifetime on the transmission and reflection coefficients of the probe light. We discuss possible experimental implementations of the SSL using alkali-metal atoms such as rubidium or sodium.