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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Appearance of Modulated Spatial Pattern in a Dual-species BEC during Condensate Growth

Shai Ronen, John L. Bohn, Laura Halmo, Mark Edwards

Published May 29, 2008• 0 citations
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We simulate the growth of a dual species Bose-Einstein condensate using a Gross-Pitaevskii equation with an additional gain term giving rise to the growth. Such growth occurs during simultaneous evaporative cooling of a mixture of two gases. The ground state of a dual condensate is normally either a miscible mixture, or an immiscible phase with two spatially separated components. In a cigar trap the ground state typically consists of one component in the center, and the other component flanking it. Our simulations show that when the condensates are formed in a cigar trap and the mixture is phase separated, then the final state upon the end of the growth is generally far from the true ground state of the system. Instead it consists of multiple, interleaved bubbles of the two species. Such a pattern was observed recently in an experiment by Wieman's group at JILA [Papp, Pino, and Wieman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 040402 (2008)], and our simulations are in good qualitative agreement with the experiment. We explain the pattern formation as due to the onset of modulation instability during growth, and study the dependence of the final state pattern on various parameters of the system.

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Scott B. Papp, J. M. Pino, Carl Wieman

We report on the observation of controllable phase separation in a dual-species Bose-Einstein condensate with 85Rb and 87Rb. Interatomic interactions between the different components determine the miscibility of the two quantum fluids. In our experiments, we can clearly observe immiscible behavior via a dramatic spatial separation of the two species. Furthermore, a magnetic-field Feshbach resonance is used to change them between miscible and immiscible by tuning the 85Rb scattering length. The spatial density pattern of the immiscible quantum fluids exhibits complex alternating-domain structures that are uncharacteristic of its stationary ground state.

Physical Review Letters•Jul 24, 2008•493 citations
We simulate the growth of a dual species Bose-Einstein condensate using a Gross-Pitaevskii equation with an additional gain term giving rise to the growth. Such growth occurs during simultaneous evaporative cooling of a mixture of two gases. The ground state of a dual condensate is normally either a miscible mixture, or an immiscible phase with two spatially separated components. In a cigar trap the ground state typically consists of one component in the center, and the other component flanking it. Our simulations show that when the condensates are formed in a cigar trap and the mixture is phase separated, then the final state upon the end of the growth is generally far from the true ground state of the system. Instead it consists of multiple, interleaved bubbles of the two species. Such a pattern was observed recently in an experiment by Wieman's group at JILA [Papp, Pino, and Wieman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 040402 (2008)], and our simulations are in good qualitative agreement with the experiment. We explain the pattern formation as due to the onset of modulation instability during growth, and study the dependence of the final state pattern on various parameters of the system.
A mechanism leading to spontaneous breaking of the space symmetry, and to the appearance of spatial patterns in the most recently created state of matter, the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), is proposed. The pattern formation are due to a periodic modulation in time of the scattering length of the condensed atoms. Experimentally this can be achieved via the Feshbach resonance, or, for low dimensional (1D or 2D) condensates, also by modulation of the trapping potential along a spatial coordinate normal to the "working" space. The parametric excitation of patterns in condensates by considering the mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii equation, and its dissipative generalization are investigated.
We report on the observation of controllable phase separation in a dual-species Bose-Einstein condensate with 85Rb and 87Rb. Interatomic interactions between the different components determine the miscibility of the two quantum fluids. In our experiments, we can clearly observe immiscible behavior via a dramatic spatial separation of the two species. Furthermore, a magnetic-field Feshbach resonance is used to change them between miscible and immiscible by tuning the 85Rb scattering length. The spatial density pattern of the immiscible quantum fluids exhibits complex alternating-domain structures that are uncharacteristic of its stationary ground state.