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17th Congress of the International Commission for Optics: Optics for Science and New Technology

Study on dynamics of persistent spectral hole formation in frequency domain optical storage

You-yuan Zhao

Published Sep 1, 1996• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A variety of studies on persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) have been carried out for the last twenty years [1.2.3], since the discovery of this phenomena in 1974. The elucidation of electron-phonon interaction, the nature of zero-phonon line and spectral diffusion in PSHB have been studied intensively together with the research aiming at its possible applicability to ultra-high density optical information storage in frequency domain.

DOI
10.1117/12.2316150

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A variety of studies on persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) have been carried out for the last twenty years [1.2.3], since the discovery of this phenomena in 1974. The elucidation of electron-phonon interaction, the nature of zero-phonon line and spectral diffusion in PSHB have been studied intensively together with the research aiming at its possible applicability to ultra-high density optical information storage in frequency domain.
Persistent spectral hole-burning (PSHB) and its applications in data storage and processing are described. Purely electronic zero-phonon lines having very high peak values in the low temperature impurity spectra of solids are considered. Limitations for very large capacity PSHB memories put by the number of impurity molecules to store one bit are discussed. Doped with impurities optical fiber memory is proposed as a means to have low impurity concentration simultaneously with a large number of the impurities to store one bit. Bit-by-bit (digital) storage is compared to the distributed one and the advantages of the two versions of the latter -- PSHB holography and PSHB modeling of neural networks -- are considered. An experiment of simultaneous read-out over coordinates and frequency in neural network modeling is described. Requirements to PSHB materials and possibilities of the existence of materials effective at high temperatures are discussed.
Brief review of zero-phonon lines, persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) and its applications is given. The provided by PSHB additional dimension - the spectral one in optical data storage allows in principle to get densities up to 1012 bit cm−2 or 1016 bit cm−3. In both cases an 1016 cm−3 cell comprising on average only 100 impurity molecules is involved to store a bit. It is a two small amount because of fluctuations in the distribution of impurities over the cells. Parallel processing and distributed data storage, realized in PSHB holography and optical modelling of neural networks, are prospective to utilize the full capacity of PSHB storage and processing.
Persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) has attracted much attention due not only to its usefulness in site-selective spectroscopy but also to its applicability to wavelength multiplexed optical memory in the future.1) Though the application is still far from realization, potentially 103 times higher storage density would be attainable. Technological breakthrough is largely concerned with the issue of optimizing the storage materials. For the formation of persistent holes, the existence of both photoreactive centers and a solid matrix is essential, hence the comprehension of intramolecular and intermolecular electron-phonon interaction is of great importance. We have already proposed one working hypothesis, which, derived mainly from the experiments related to the intermolecular interactions, emphasizes the possibility of controlling the mesoscopic structure of the materials.2-4)
For next generation high density optical storage, extensive studies on persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) have been performed, because they have a large potential for a high density frequency-domain optical data storage. PSHB has been observed at room temperature in Sm-doped crystals and glasses. Among them, glasses are considered to be more favorable than single crystals, due to their wide inhomogeneous line width and easy process for mass production. In the study, we developed a new glass mixture which shows room temperature PSHB with a inhomogeneous line width broadened up to 70 cm/sup -1/. The PSHB was characterized by investigating the time decay pattern of fluorescence and the excitation spectra.
It is acknowledged that inhomogeneous absorption bands consisting of narrow homogeneous zero-phonon lines (ZPL) can be used for the purpose of optical data storage in the frequency dimension /1/. Persistent spectral hole-burning (PSHB) /2,3/ has made it feasible to preserve the recorded frequency domain information for a practically unlimited period of time. Via PSHB the inhomogeneous distribution function of the resonance frequencies of the impurity zero-phonon lines can be altered in an almost arbitrary fashion. This, in turn, makes it possible to manipulate the absorption coefficient and correlated to it index of refraction of the optical storage media. On this basis it has been proposed to use PSHB for the shaping of laser pulses via Fourier synthesis /4/. Holographic storage of time domain optical signals in PSHB media was proposed by Mossberg /5/. In the first experiments on the PSHB time domain holography the reproduction of various temporal shapes of picosecond pulses was demonstrated in dye doped polymers cooled to liquid helium temperature /6/. Earlier Zuikov et al. observed correlation between the temporal shapes of nanosecond excitation laser pulses and photon echo signals /7/. Since that time a variety of experiments on time domain holography in different resonant media have been reported (see /8/ and references therein).