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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Photon Detection of Single Atoms in an Optical Cavity with Faraday Rotation

David J. Norris, Eric Cahoon, Luis A. Orozco

Published May 22, 2009• 0 citations
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When an off-resonant light field is coupled with atomic spins, its polarization can rotate depending on the direction of the spins via Faraday rotation, which has been used for monitoring and controlling the atomic spins. We observed Faraday rotation by an angle of more than 10 deg for a single nuclear spin of 1/2 of a 171Yb^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb atom in a high-finesse optical cavity. By employing the coupling between the single nuclear spin and a photon, we have also demonstrated that the spin can be projected or weakly measured through the projection of the transmitted single ancillary photon.
We use an optical cavity in the regime of intermediate coupling between atom and cavity mode to detect single moving atoms. Degenerate polarization modes allow excitation of the atoms in one mode and collection of spontaneous emission in the other while keeping separate the two sources of light; we obtain a higher confidence and efficiency of detection by adding cavity-enhanced Faraday rotation. Both methods greatly benefit from coincidence detection of photons, attaining fidelities in excess of 99% in less than $1\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\text{s}$. Detailed studies of the second-order intensity autocorrelation function of light from the signal mode reveal evidence of antibunched photon emissions and the dynamics of single-atom transits.