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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Topological defects and the 2D superfluid transition in $S=1$ spinor condensates

Subroto Mukerjee, Cenke Xu, Joel E. Moore

Published Mar 8, 2007• 0 citations
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Topological Defects and the Superfluid Transition of the s=1 Spinor Condensate in Two Dimensions

Subroto Mukerjee, Cenke Xu, Joel E. Moore

The s=1 spinor Bose condensate at zero temperature supports ferromagnetic and polar phases that combine magnetic and superfluid ordering. We analyze the topological defects of the polar condensate, correcting previous studies, and show that the polar condensate in two dimensions is unstable at any finite temperature; instead, there is a nematic or paired superfluid phase with algebraic order in exp(2itheta), where theta is the superfluid phase, and no magnetic order. The Kosterlitz-Thouless transition out of this phase is driven by unbinding of half-vortices (the spin-disordered version of the combined spin and phase defects found by Zhou), and the anomalous universal 8T(c)/pi stiffness jump at the transition is confirmed in numerical simulations. The anomalous stiffness jump is a clear experimental signature of this phase and the corresponding phase transition.

arXiv:cond-mat/0605102•Physical Review Letters•Sep 20, 2006•102 citations

Phase ordering dynamics in a ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate

L. A. Williamson

Spinor Bose-Einstein condensates exhibit both superfluid and magnetic order, and accommodate phases with rich symmetry properties and topological defects. Transitions between these phases can be induced by tuning external fields. In this thesis we explore the dynamics of order formation in a quasi-2D spin-1 ferromagnetic condensate following a quench from an unmagnetised phase to one of three ferromagnetic phases. The ferromagnetic phases exhibit distinct symmetry properties (easy-plane, easy-axis or isotropic) and support distinct topological defects. In each phase we observe scale invariant ordering and identify the relevant topological defect affecting the order parameter growth. We find that each phase is characterised by a distinct dynamic critical exponent. In the easy-plane phase we identify a persistent turbulent cascade that affects spin ordering long after all topological defects have annihilated. In addition to our exploration of phase ordering dynamics, we study a microscopic model of spin vortex dynamics in the easy-plane phase. Our work provides a comprehensive theoretical study of phase ordering in a conservative system, provides a thorough foundation for studies of phase ordering in antiferromagnetic and higher spin condensates, and offers prospects for further research into fundamental questions regarding the ordering properties of spin systems. Our work is pertinent to current experiments, which have explored the initial stages of phase ordering in both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin-1 condensates.

•Jan 1, 2017•0 citations
Topological defects and the 2D superfluid transition in S=1S=1S=1 spinor condensates
The s=1 spinor Bose condensate at zero temperature supports ferromagnetic and polar phases that combine magnetic and superfluid ordering. We analyze the topological defects of the polar condensate, correcting previous studies, and show that the polar condensate in two dimensions is unstable at any finite temperature; instead, there is a nematic or paired superfluid phase with algebraic order in exp(2itheta), where theta is the superfluid phase, and no magnetic order. The Kosterlitz-Thouless transition out of this phase is driven by unbinding of half-vortices (the spin-disordered version of the combined spin and phase defects found by Zhou), and the anomalous universal 8T(c)/pi stiffness jump at the transition is confirmed in numerical simulations. The anomalous stiffness jump is a clear experimental signature of this phase and the corresponding phase transition.
Spinor Bose-Einstein condensates exhibit both superfluid and magnetic order, and accommodate phases with rich symmetry properties and topological defects. Transitions between these phases can be induced by tuning external fields. In this thesis we explore the dynamics of order formation in a quasi-2D spin-1 ferromagnetic condensate following a quench from an unmagnetised phase to one of three ferromagnetic phases. The ferromagnetic phases exhibit distinct symmetry properties (easy-plane, easy-axis or isotropic) and support distinct topological defects. In each phase we observe scale invariant ordering and identify the relevant topological defect affecting the order parameter growth. We find that each phase is characterised by a distinct dynamic critical exponent. In the easy-plane phase we identify a persistent turbulent cascade that affects spin ordering long after all topological defects have annihilated. In addition to our exploration of phase ordering dynamics, we study a microscopic model of spin vortex dynamics in the easy-plane phase. Our work provides a comprehensive theoretical study of phase ordering in a conservative system, provides a thorough foundation for studies of phase ordering in antiferromagnetic and higher spin condensates, and offers prospects for further research into fundamental questions regarding the ordering properties of spin systems. Our work is pertinent to current experiments, which have explored the initial stages of phase ordering in both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin-1 condensates.