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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Squeezed states of light: generation and application

Harry J. Kimble

Published Jan 1, 1987• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

With the recent observations of squeezed states in several laboratories, attention now turns to improving the degree of achievable squeezing and to a number of exciting applications in optical physics. Our own research has concentrated on squeezed state production in three simple systems, each with a particular set of scientific and technological advantages and disadvantages.

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With the recent observations of squeezed states in several laboratories, attention now turns to improving the degree of achievable squeezing and to a number of exciting applications in optical physics. Our own research has concentrated on squeezed state production in three simple systems, each with a particular set of scientific and technological advantages and disadvantages.
Recently a number of laboratories have demonstrated the generation of squeezed light, a new kind of light which in some of its aspects exhibits less quantum noise then coherent light. Here a description will be given of how such light is generated and detected. With the successful generation and detection of squeezed light by a number of laboratories1-5 a new degree of control over the quantum statistics of light has been achieved. Light can now be generated which, in some of its aspects, has less quantum noise than coherent light. Such light may find applications in optical communications and in sensitive and precision measurement. Here a description will be given of how squeezed light is generated and detected.6-8 The discussion will be restricted to what is called "quadrature squeezing". The electric field operator for a single mode of the electromagnetic field can be written in the form
Squeezed states of light represent a manifestation of the nonclassical character of the electromagnetic field and hence are of great intrinsic interest in quantum optics. There are as well a number of applications in measurement science and optical communication associated with the possibility of sensitivity beyond the standard quan­tum limit. The experiments that we have undertaken attempt to explore the degree of achievable and detectable squeezing in three distinct physical systems. From a conceptual point of view each is in some sense ideal and should provide a large degree of squeezing. However, in practice each offers a potential set of advantages and disadvantages associated with technological constraints and with a lack of precise correspondence between experiment and existing theoretical models. The three experiments that we describe are as follows: (1) degenerate parametric oscillation in a doubly resonant cavity pumped by the frequency-doubled light from a Nd:YAG laser at 1.06 μm, (2) intracavity second harmonic generation in a doubly resonant cavity pumped at a fundamental wave­length of 515 nm with an Ar+ laser, and (3) optical bistability for a collection of two-level atoms within a high finesse interferometer of decay rate comparable to the inverse atomic lifetime.
This paper provides a simple physical consideration of a new type of squeezed state of light: space-time squeezed state. As it was shown recently, spatial-multimode broadband squeezed light can generate (by homodyne detection) photon counting statistics that are regular not only in time, but also in the plane of observation. A possible advantage of application of space-time squeezed light in a number of areas of quantum optics (i.e., low-noise generation, detection of optical images, Fourier optics, and holography) is discussed from an elementary point of view.