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Tests of Quantum Mechanics and CPT Symmetry with Experimental Data from CPLEAR

J. Philip Miller, Angelos Angelopoulos, A. J. Apostolakis, E. Aslanides, Gerhard Backenstoss, P. Bargassa, O. Behnke, Angela Benelli, Vincent Bertin, F. Blanc, Philippe Bloch, P. Carlson, M. Carroll, J. Carvalho, E. Cawley, M. Chertok, Mats E. Danielsson, M. Déjardin, J. Derré, A. Ealet, C. Eleftherjadis, L. Faravel, Wulf Fetscher, Maria Fidecaro, Andrej Filipcic, David J. Francis, J. R. Fry, Erwin Gabathuler, R. Gamet, H.-J. Gerber, A. Go, A. Haselden, P.J. Hayman, Frederic Henry-Couannier, R.W. Hollander, Kerstin B. Jon-And, P.R. Kettle, P. Kokkas, Rob Kreuger, R. Le Gac, F. Leimgruber, I. Mandić, N. Manthos, G. Marel, M. Mikuž, James P. Miller, F. Montanet, Antal Müller, T. Nakada, B. Pagels, I. Papadopoulos, Panagiotis Pavlopoulos, G. Polivka, R. Rickenbach, B. L. Roberts, T. Ruf, M. Schäfer, Lukas A. Schaller, Thomas Schietinger, A. Schopper, Ludwig Tauscher, C. Thibault, François Touchard, Christos Touramanis, Carel W.E. van Eijk, S. Vlachos, P. Weber, O. Wigger, M. W. Wolter, Danilo Zavrtanik, D. Zimmerman, Jonathan Richard Ellis, J. Leite Lopez, N.E. Mavroumatis, D.V. Nanopoulos

Published Mar 22, 1998• 0 citations

Abstract

Data from the CPLEAR experiment are used to test CPT violation outside of regular quantum mechanics. The test is based on a model, motivated by Hawking's notion of loss of quantum coherence across a microscopic event horizon, which was developed in a particular version of string theory. (5 refs).

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Neutral kaons provide one of the most sensitive systems to test quantum mechanics and CPT violation.In the first part of this report I review the results on CPT violation searches in the kaon system from the CPLEAR, KLOE and KTeV experiments.In the second part, I report tests of quantum coherence related to CPT violation, performed at CPLEAR and KLOE by studying the time evolution of the kaon system.The results show no deviations from the expectations of quantum mechanics and CPT symmetry, and the accuracy reaches the interesting region of the Planck's scale.

The neutral kaon system at a

\phi

-factory offers a unique possibility to perform fundamental tests of

CPT

invariance, as well as of the basic principles of quantum mechanics. The most recent and significant limits on

CPT

violation are reviewed, including the ones related to possible decoherence mechanisms or Lorentz symmetry breaking, which might be induced in a quantum gravity scenario. The present experimental results show no deviations from the expectations of quantum mechanics and

CPT

symmetry, while the accuracy in some cases reaches the interesting Planck scale region. The KLOE-2 experiment, presently taking data at the DA

\Phi

NE facility, will further improve these results.

A review of the experimental status of CPT invariance leads to two conclusions: (i) There is no hint of a CPT violation in the data. (ii) CPT invariance has not been probed with a quantitative sensitivity that greatly exceeds that achieved in studies of CP symmetry. I sketch some models where CPT violations could be implemented. Yet it is hard to see how those types of ansatz could generate observable effects in the transitions of neutral K mesons. On the other hand the quite special quantum aspects of the reaction φ → KL KS can be harnessed to probe quantum mechanics in novel ways by analyzing EPR like correlations of a kind that have not been studied before. Some comparisons are made with Weinberg's recent formulation of non-linear (though homogenous) quantum mechanics and with generalizations that can be obtained from Bohm's interpretation of quantum mechanics.

In this review we first discuss the string theoretical motivations for induced decoherence and deviations from ordinary quantum-mechanical behaviour; this leads to intrinsic CPT violation in the context of an extended class of quantum-gravity models. We then proceed to a description ofprecision tests of CPT symmetry and quantum mechanics using mainly neutral kaons and neutrinos. We also emphasize the possibly unique role of neutral meson factories in providing specific tests of models where the quantum-mechanical CPT operator is not well-defined, leading to modifications of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen particle correlators. Finally, we discuss experimental probes of decoherence in a cosmological context, including studies of dissipative relaxation models of dark energy in the context of non-critical (non-equilibrium) string theory and the associated modifications of the Boltzmann equation for the evolution of species abundances.

In this review we discuss the string theoretical motivations for induced decoherence and deviations from ordinary quantum-mechanical behaviour; this leads to intrinsic CPT violation in the context of an extended class of quantum-gravity models. We proceed to a description of precision tests of CPT symmetry and quantum mechanics using mainly neutral kaons and neutrinos. We emphasize the possibly unique rôle of neutral meson factories in providing tests of models where the quantum-mechanical CPT operator is not well-defined, leading to modifications of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen particle correlators. Finally, we discuss experimental probes of decoherence in cosmology, including studies of dissipative relaxation models of dark energy in non-critical (non-equilibrium) string theory and the associated modifications of the Boltzmann equation for the evolution of species abundances.