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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Macroscopic quantum memories get entangled from far away

Zhen-Sheng Yuan, Yu-Ao Chen, Shuai Chen, Jörg Schmiedmayer, Jian-Wei Pan

Published Mar 10, 2008• 0 citations
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Quantum internet gives the promise of getting all quantum resources connected, and it will enable applications far beyond a localized scenario. A prototype is a network of quantum memories that are entangled and well separated. In this Letter, we report the establishment of postselected entanglement between two atomic quantum memories physically separated by 12.5 km directly. We create atom-photon entanglement in one node and send the photon to a second node for storage via electromagnetically induced transparency. We harness low-loss transmission through a field-deployed fiber of 20.5 km by making use of frequency down-conversion and up-conversion. The final memory-memory entanglement is verified to have a fidelity of 90% via retrieving to photons. Our experiment makes a significant step forward toward the realization of a practical metropolitan-scale quantum network.
From a physicist's standpoint, the most interesting part of quantum computing research may well be the possibility to probe the boundary between the quantum and the classical worlds. The more macroscopic are the structures involved, the better. So far, the most "macroscopic" qubit prototypes that have been studied in the laboratory are certain kinds of superconducting qubits. To get a feeling for how macroscopic these systems can be, the states of flux qubits which are brought in a quantum superposition corresponds to currents composed of as much as 10^5-10^6 electrons flowing in opposite directions in a superconducting loop. Non-superconducting qubits realized so far are all essentially microscopic.
In this study, the main results of experimental and theoretical investigations that substantiate the possibility of the development of quantum computational systems with a separate structure are considered and analyzed. These systems involve the operational part and the memory, as well as the communication quantum network, which performs the data exchange between them. We are starting to get knowledge about such hybrid quantum devices from studying the solid-state systems, in which the macroscopic number (ensemble) of NV centers in diamond is used as the memory element, while superconducting mesoscopic structures play the role of the operational element and quantum network.