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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Correlated photon generation via four-wave mixing in a birefringent semiconductor waveguide

Daniel J. Rogers, J. Goldhar, Christopher J. K. Richardson, Alessandro Restelli, Joshua C. Bienfang, Charles W. Clark

Published Mar 10, 2008• 0 citations
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This thesis deals with applications of nonlinear four-wave mixing in the context of optical quantum information science. By enabling diverse functionalities such as single-photon generation, temporal shaping, and frequency conversion, four-wave mixing is a highly versatile tool for processing optical quantum information. The first part addresses the use of spontaneous four-wave mixing for generating entangled photon pairs with the particular property that the photons are uncorrelated in time and frequency. Two schemes are proposed to achieve this. The first proposal relies on a gradually varying interaction between two orthogonally polarized pump pulses in a birefringent waveguide. It is shown that, if the two pump pulses undergo a complete walk-through, the two generated photons emerge in orthogonal polarizations with uncorrelated- and tailorable time-frequency distributions. The second proposal deals with photon-pair generation in a microring resonator. In this setting, it is shown that a dual-pulse configuration can be used to excite- and subsequently de-excite the resonator on a sub-lifetime timescale. This turns out to strongly diminish time-frequency correlations. The second part considers the four-wave-mixing process Bragg scattering, which is known to enable noise-free frequency conversion. The Bragg-scattering process treated here, which occurs in a birefringent waveguide, is shown to allow for shape-preserving and strongly uni-directional conversion with a large acceptance bandwidth.
Polarization analysis of vectorial four-wave mixing (FWM) in birefringent photonic-crystal fibers reveals physically significant tendencies in the behavior of FWM sideband correlations as a function of fiber birefringence, dispersion, and nonlinearity, as well as the pump intensity and bandwidth. Scanning over this parameter space is shown to steer vectorial FWM from largely decoupled sideband generation by individual polarization modes of the pump to FWM scenarios enabling multipartite entanglement generation.