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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Birefringent Optical Fibres and Laser Written Waveguides for Generation of Photon Pairs

Alex R. McMillan, Giacomo Corrielli, Bryn A. Bell, Will McCutcheon, Roberto Osellame, John Rarity

Published Jun 21, 2015• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We describe in-line sources of polarisation entangled photons, based on four-wave mixing in birefringent fibre. We will also discuss the fabrication and characterisation of birefringent laser-written waveguides on a chip and the prospects for implementing a similar photon pair source in this system.

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The paper reviews a new source of time-correlated photon pairs based on phase matched four-wave mixing in an optical fiber. This source has the potential to replace sources based on a non-linear birefringent crystals and waveguides. It generates linear polarised photon pairs in a narrow bandwidth, single circular mode which can be efficiently coupled into single mode fibres. We generate the parametric gain by pumping with a laser wavelength slightly below the zero dispersion wavelength, in the normal dispersion regime.
Generating polarization-entangled photon pairs on chip is generally complicated by the birefringence of waveguides. In this work, we propose a technique that uses waveguide birefringence and lends itself to simple device designs. The technique relies on two orthogonal spontaneous four-wave mixing processes. We employ the full quantum optics theory and dispersion analysis, and show that the technique can produce highly entangled states, with concurrence as high as 0.976 and covering the entire C-band.
Pure state single photons are at the heart of optical quantum technologies. We have previously reported the generation of photon pairs by four-wave mixing in a single-mode photonic crystal fibre (PCF) and the use of a new birefringent phase matching scheme which results in the generation of narrowband signal photons, around 0.2 nm in bandwidth, and a factorizable photon pair state with no requirement for spectral filtering, leading to increased count rates. Our source is bright, polarized, and tuneable by variable laser wavelength and fibre parameters. Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference is observed between photons from two of these sources, a requirement for optical quantum information tasks.
An in-line source of polarization entangled photons based on a commercial birefringent fibre is demonstrated. When two similar sections of this fibre are spliced together, incorporating a 90° rotation between them, and pumped using a linearly polarised pump beam at 45° to the principle polarization axes, the total generated state resulting from the two fibre sections can be entangled. Classical transmission measurements confirm that the splice loss was low (-1(limited by the available pump power). The phase-matched idler wavelength from this device is suitable for long distance transmission through fibre and the corresponding signal wavelength lies within the operating range of efficient silicon-based single photon detectors. Furthermore, group velocity matching of the idler and pump is expected to occur close to this pump wavelength, resulting in the generation of signal photons with naturally narrow bandwidth.