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Physical Review A

Magneto-optical effect near the D1 resonance of spin-polarized cold cesium atoms

Jai Min Choi, Jang Myun Kim, Je Hyun Lee, Q‐Han Park, D. Cho

Published Apr 22, 2005• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report our study of the magneto-optical effect in a strictly linear regime on spin-polarized cold cesium atoms. Due to the low intensity and the short illumination period of the probe beam, less than 7.5% of the sample atoms change their states by absorbing probe photons. We produce a medium of atoms at rest in either the $6{S}_{1∕2},F=3,{m}_{F}=0$ or $6{S}_{1∕2},F=3,{m}_{F}=3$ state by optically pumping atoms trapped in a magneto-optical trap. We use the $D1$ resonance with large lower and upper state hyperfine splittings as a probe transition to avoid hyperfine mixing from the Zeeman interaction. Under this idealized situation we measure the Stokes parameters in order to find the polarization rotation and circular dichroism experienced by the probe light. We find that there are qualitative differences between the results for the ${m}_{F}=0$ and ${m}_{F}=3$ cases. While dispersion and consequent Faraday rotation play a dominant role when the atoms are in the ${m}_{F}=0$ state, it is dissipation and circular dichroism that are important when they are in the ${m}_{F}=3$ state. Similarly, while the size of the Faraday rotation and the circular dichroism for the ${m}_{F}=0$ case scales linearly with the applied magnetic field, for the ${m}_{F}=3$ case it is the shift of the probe polarization change versus frequency that is linearly proportional to the magnetic field strength.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.71.043409

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We report our study of the magneto-optical effect in a strictly linear regime on spin-polarized cold cesium atoms. Due to the low intensity and the short illumination period of the probe beam, less than 7.5% of the sample atoms change their states by absorbing probe photons. We produce a medium of atoms at rest in either the 6S1∕2,F=3,mF=06{S}_{1∕2},F=3,{m}_{F}=06S1∕2​,F=3,mF​=0 or 6S1∕2,F=3,mF=36{S}_{1∕2},F=3,{m}_{F}=36S1∕2​,F=3,mF​=3 state by optically pumping atoms trapped in a magneto-optical trap. We use the D1D1D1 resonance with large lower and upper state hyperfine splittings as a probe transition to avoid hyperfine mixing from the Zeeman interaction. Under this idealized situation we measure the Stokes parameters in order to find the polarization rotation and circular dichroism experienced by the probe light. We find that there are qualitative differences between the results for the mF=0{m}_{F}=0mF​=0 and mF=3{m}_{F}=3mF​=3 cases. While dispersion and consequent Faraday rotation play a dominant role when the atoms are in the mF=0{m}_{F}=0mF​=0 state, it is dissipation and circular dichroism that are important when they are in the mF=3{m}_{F}=3mF​=3 state. Similarly, while the size of the Faraday rotation and the circular dichroism for the mF=0{m}_{F}=0mF​=0 case scales linearly with the applied magnetic field, for the mF=3{m}_{F}=3mF​=3 case it is the shift of the probe polarization change versus frequency that is linearly proportional to the magnetic field strength.
Polarization rotation of weak probe light induced by circularly polarized strong coupling light in a $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ configuration is studied. We use spin-polarized cold cesium atoms trapped in a magneto-optical trap to remove complications from Zeeman distribution, Doppler broadening, and collisional decoherence. By using a very low probe intensity and short illumination period we work in a strictly linear regime. The probe and the coupling fields are optically phase locked to eliminate phase fluctuation and consequent atomic decoherence. Using this idealized situation we clarify the roles of optically induced Faraday rotation, circular dichroism, and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in determining the final state of the probe light. In particular, we identify an experimental situation where the roles of atomic coherence and EIT are important.
We demonstrate a type of chiral effect of an atomic medium. Polarization rotation of a probe beam is observed only when both a magnetic field and a linearly polarized coupling beam are present. We compare it with other chiral effects like optical activity, the Faraday effect, and the optically induced Faraday effect from the viewpoint of spatial inversion and time reversal transformations. As a theoretical model we consider a five-level configuration involving the cesium D2D2D2 transition. We use spin-polarized cold cesium atoms trapped in a magneto-optical trap to measure the polarization rotation versus probe detuning. The result shows reasonable agreement with a calculation from the master equation of the five-level configuration.
We investigate an all-optical, pump-probe scheme for the polarization rotation of linearly polarized light in an atomic medium. A circularly polarized control light is shown to play the role of a static magnetic field via a Zeeman-like ac Stark interaction and to induce the optical Faraday rotation (OFR) of the probe light. As a model system, we consider a stationary atom with $nS\text{\ensuremath{-}}nP\text{\ensuremath{-}}nD$ level scheme without electronic or nuclear spin. In addition to OFR, we find that electromagnetically induced transparency for the three-level atom and circular dichroism also contribute to the polarization change. We characterize these three effects over different frequency ranges through an explicit calculation of the fractional transmission and the output polarization of the probe light. Our results are compared with the $nS\text{\ensuremath{-}}nP\text{\ensuremath{-}}(n+1)S$ scheme, which has been previously studied both theoretically and experimentally. We also compare the optically induced Faraday effect with the Faraday effect from a static magnetic field. We propose an experimental situation to test the theory and address the possibility of producing an atomic medium that is both optically active and transparent.
Nonlinear in laser power, near-resonant light-atom interaction leads to a number of spectacular modifications of a well-known effect -polarization plane rotation in a magnetic field applied along the direction of light propagation.In particular, the rotation can be enhanced by up to nine orders of magnitude compared to the linear case.Faraday effect [ 1 ] is the rotation of the plane of linear light polarization by a medium in a magnetic field applied in the direction of light propagation.In 1898, Macaluso and Corbino eJ, studying absorption spectra of the alkali atoms in the presence of magnetic fields, discovered that the Faraday effect in the vicinity of resonance absorption lines also had a distinct resonant character.The essence of the Macaluso-Corbino effect can be illustrated by considering a simple case of a F= 1 ~ F'=O transition (Fig. 1 ).Linearly polarized light incident on the sample can be resolved into two counter-rotating circular components ( cr~.In the absence of a magnetic field, the M=±l sublevels are degenerate and the optical resonance
We theoretically investigate magneto-optical rotation (MOR) of a linearly polarized probe field in the four-level N-type cold atoms. By applying a static magnetic field and a weak coupling field, it is shown that the birefringence enhancement is induced in the system. Moreover, we show that the static magnetic field has a major role in switching the dichroism to enhanced birefringence in the system. We also obtain a large intensity for the output field with nearly perpendicular MOR angle by 88 degrees with subnatural width. It is demonstrated that Doppler broadening has a destructive effect on the MOR of the polarization direction of the probe field. The results of our study can be used for selecting narrow band of wavelengths and polarization converter for efficient switching of TM/TE polarization modes in optical communication, the depolarization backscattering lidar, polarization spectroscopy and precision measurements.
The magneto-optical properties of cesium vapor near a glass surface have been studied by using selective reflection. We have observed sub-Doppler structures in the magneto-rotation and magnetic circular dichroism spectra. The spectral narrowing can be explained by the transient polarization behavior of cesium atoms due to wall collisions. A simple model, which takes atom-wall collisions and the mixing of hyperfine levels by the magnetic field into account, gives a good qualitative description of the observed spectra. Small discrepancies are likely to be due to long-range atom-surface interactions.