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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Probing Phase Transitions in Cold Atoms

Anatoli Polkovnikov

Published Mar 10, 2008• 0 citations
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We report the observation of Bose\|Einstein condensation in a dilute 87 Rb gas with 1×10\+8 atoms loaded into a quadrupole\|Ioffe\|configuration trap. After 19s of evaporative cooling, the phase transition condition was achieved. At high phase\|space density, diffraction of a probe laser beam was observed. After reducing the trap potential to adiabatically relax the cold atoms we obtained absorption images. A double Gaussian distribution fitted to the data showed the BEC phase transition. The temperature of the transition was about 250nK, and the number of condensate atoms about 5×10\+4.
A two-photon transition in cold Rb atoms will be probed with a phase-coherent wide bandwidth femtosecond laser comb. Frequency domain analysis yields a high-resolution picture where phase coherence among various transition pathways through different intermediate states produces interference effects on the resonantly enhanced transition probability. This result is supported by the time domain Ramsey interference effect. The two-photon transition spectrum is analyzed in terms of the pulse repetition rate and carrier frequency offset, leading to a cold-atom-based frequency stabilization scheme for both degrees of freedom of the femtosecond laser.
The statistical properties of physical systems in thermal equilibrium are blatantly different from their far-from-equilibrium counterparts. In the latter, fluctuations often dominate the dynamics and might cluster in ordered patterns in the form of dissipative coherent structures. Here, we study the transition of a cold atomic cloud, driven close to a sharp electronic resonance, from a stable to a turbulent phase. From the atomic density distribution---measured using a spatially resolved pump-probe technique---we have computed the Shannon entropy on two different basis sets. Information compression, corresponding to a minimum in the Shannon entropy, has been observed at criticality, where the system fluctuations organize into high-order (low-entropy) patterns. Being independent of the representation used, this feature is a property shared by a vast class of physical systems undergoing phase transitions.