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Atomic Line Spectral Filters for Neodymium Laser Receivers

C. S. Liu, P. J. Chantry, C. L. Chen

Published Nov 26, 1986• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The major efforts of this project were: (1) to reassess the technical merits of a Tantalum atomic line filter (ALF) employing a low vapor density T1C1 and (2) to measure the excited state cesium trapping lifetimes and to derive the self quenching cross sections of excited state cesium atoms. These two separate efforts address alternative approaches to the implementation of an ALF based on metastable T1 atoms, T1 sub m, whose absorption wavelength (535 nm) matches the frequency doubled Nd:Bel laser. The first approach uses photodissociation to produce T1 sub m directly from T1C1. The second approach involves resonantly pumping the Cs in a T1-Cs mixture and collisionally transferring energy to the T1 to sustain the required density of T1 sub m.

Related papers

A 535 nm Active Atomic Line Filter Employing The Thallium Metastable State As An Absorbing Medium

C. S. Liu, P. J. Chantry, C. L. Chen

A new kind of active atomic line filter (ALF) using the thallium metastable state as an absorption medium is discussed. The basic principle underlying the operatiqn of a Tℓ-ALF is based on photodissociative excitation of TℓCℓ, or transfer excitation of Tℓ(2P3/2) in Tℓ-Cs mixtures. The operating wavelength of a Tℓ-ALF is at 535 nm which matches the wavelength of a frequency-doubled Nd-Bel laser. The results of modeling calculations and related experimental studies are presented.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Jan 30, 1987•7 citations

Inelastic Collisions between Excited Alkali Atoms and Molecules. I. Sensitized Fluorescence and Quenching in Cs- N2 and Cs- H2 Systems

D. A. McGillis, L. Krause

Excitation transfer between the $6 ^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $6 ^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ resonance states in cesium, induced by Cs-${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ and Cs-${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ collisions, was observed in the first experiment of its kind, in which techniques of sensitized fluorescence are used to investigate collisional mixing between resonance states of alkali atoms in mixtures with molecular gases. The cesium-vapor-gas system, in which the cesium vapor pressure was low enough to avoid radiation trapping, was irradiated with a single component of the resonance doublet. The fluorescent light, which contained both components of the doublet, was monitored at right angles to the direction of excitation. Measurements of relative intensities of the fluorescent components yielded the following cross sections for excitation transfer and for quenching of resonance radiation. For Cs-${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ collisions: ${Q}_{12}(^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}})=3.6$ ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}$, ${Q}_{21}(^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{\leftarrow}^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}})=16.2$ ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}$, ${Q}_{10}(^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{\leftarrow}^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}})=55.2$ ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}$, ${Q}_{20}(^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{\leftarrow}^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}})=63.5$ ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}$. For Cs-${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ collisions: ${Q}_{12}=6.7$ ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}$, ${Q}_{21}=29.6$ ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}$, ${Q}_{10}=11.7$ ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}$, ${Q}_{20}=6.7$ ${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}$. The large sizes of the excitation-transfer cross sections, which are comparable to the corresponding Cs-Cs cross sections, are attributed to resonances with transitions in the molecules.

Physical Review•Jan 5, 1967•41 citations

Resonant multiphoton ionization of a cesium atomic beam by a tunable wavelength Q-switched neodymium laser

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Lamp-pumped thallium atomic line filter at 535046 nm

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We present a new atomic line filter concept for the detection of frequency-doubled Nd:BEL laser radiation. Advantage is taken of the thallium 6(2)P(3/2) metastable energy level whose large lifetime can be preserved even in small vapor cells. The filter is pumped intermittently by a low-power spectral lamp and thereby combines the benefits of active and passive operation. Analysis of a proposed final design shows that simple engineering solutions exist, and excellent filter properties can be deduced. We have experimentally demonstrated the new operating principle in a preliminary setup.

Optics Letters•Oct 15, 1991•12 citations

Time and energy characteristics of an atomic-resonance fluorescence filter working with cesium vapor

А. В. Белинский, M. G. Dubenskaya, Alexey A Podshivalov

Journal of Applied Spectroscopy•Jul 1, 1992•0 citations

Characterization of the retrofluorescence inhibition at the interface between glass and optically thick Cs vapor

Karine Le Bris, Jean Gagné, François Babin +1 more

New experimental results and new phenomena related to the study of the retrofluorescence spectrum induced by a diode laser at the interface between glass and cesium vapor are presented. The Cs 62P3/2(Fe) hyperfine states are populated with a low-intensity tunable diode laser with a 10-MHz spectral bandwidth. We report an integrated atomic retrofluorescence spectrum in the 852.2-nm (62P3/2–62S1/2) resonance line and 917.2-nm (62D5/2–62P3/2) line generated by energy-pooling collisions. Emission spectra of the molecular fluorescence signal have been observed. At the resonance line a large proportion of the atoms excited by the laser are located in the vicinity of the surface. The interactions between the excited atomic 62P3/2 state and the surface appear as a spectral inhibition of the integrated retrofluorescence spectrum for both the atomic line and the molecular band. This spectral inhibition indicates that the nonradiative transformation process of changing atomically excited energy into thermal energy is preferred. We report the analysis of the dominant processes in the vicinity of the 852.2-nm resonance line, which can influence the retrofluorescence hyperfine spectrum at the boundary between the glass window and the saturated cesium vapor. Only the nonradiative transfer by evanescent waves toward the dissipative surface is retained. Using this mechanism, we formulate, for the first time to our knowledge, a simple model of a backscattered hyperfine fluorescence signal. The glass–vapor interface is considered as two distinct regions: a wavelength-thickness vapor layer joined to the surface and a more remote vapor region. The first region is analyzed as a spectral filter that annihilates the absorbed photons and the second one as a rich spectral light source. The experimental setup is described, and measured integrated retrofluorescence spectra are compared with predictions made by the model. The consistency between theory and experiment is remarkably good considering that the model depends only on two unknown parameters: the nonradiative transfer rate and the absorption shape line of the filtering region.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Nov 1, 2001•15 citations
The major efforts of this project were: (1) to reassess the technical merits of a Tantalum atomic line filter (ALF) employing a low vapor density T1C1 and (2) to measure the excited state cesium trapping lifetimes and to derive the self quenching cross sections of excited state cesium atoms. These two separate efforts address alternative approaches to the implementation of an ALF based on metastable T1 atoms, T1 sub m, whose absorption wavelength (535 nm) matches the frequency doubled Nd:Bel laser. The first approach uses photodissociation to produce T1 sub m directly from T1C1. The second approach involves resonantly pumping the Cs in a T1-Cs mixture and collisionally transferring energy to the T1 to sustain the required density of T1 sub m.
Excitation transfer between the 62P126 ^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}62P21​​ and 62P326 ^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}62P23​​ resonance states in cesium, induced by Cs-N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​ and Cs-H2{\mathrm{H}}_{2}H2​ collisions, was observed in the first experiment of its kind, in which techniques of sensitized fluorescence are used to investigate collisional mixing between resonance states of alkali atoms in mixtures with molecular gases. The cesium-vapor-gas system, in which the cesium vapor pressure was low enough to avoid radiation trapping, was irradiated with a single component of the resonance doublet. The fluorescent light, which contained both components of the doublet, was monitored at right angles to the direction of excitation. Measurements of relative intensities of the fluorescent components yielded the following cross sections for excitation transfer and for quenching of resonance radiation. For Cs-N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​ collisions: ${Q}_{12}(^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}})=3.6$ A˚2{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}A˚2, ${Q}_{21}(^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{\leftarrow}^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}})=16.2$ A˚2{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}A˚2, ${Q}_{10}(^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{\leftarrow}^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}})=55.2$ A˚2{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}A˚2, ${Q}_{20}(^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{\leftarrow}^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}})=63.5$ A˚2{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}A˚2. For Cs-H2{\mathrm{H}}_{2}H2​ collisions: Q12=6.7{Q}_{12}=6.7Q12​=6.7 A˚2{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}A˚2, Q21=29.6{Q}_{21}=29.6Q21​=29.6 A˚2{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}A˚2, Q10=11.7{Q}_{10}=11.7Q10​=11.7 A˚2{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}A˚2, Q20=6.7{Q}_{20}=6.7Q20​=6.7 A˚2{\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{2}A˚2. The large sizes of the excitation-transfer cross sections, which are comparable to the corresponding Cs-Cs cross sections, are attributed to resonances with transitions in the molecules.
We present a new atomic line filter concept for the detection of frequency-doubled Nd:BEL laser radiation. Advantage is taken of the thallium 6(2)P(3/2) metastable energy level whose large lifetime can be preserved even in small vapor cells. The filter is pumped intermittently by a low-power spectral lamp and thereby combines the benefits of active and passive operation. Analysis of a proposed final design shows that simple engineering solutions exist, and excellent filter properties can be deduced. We have experimentally demonstrated the new operating principle in a preliminary setup.
New experimental results and new phenomena related to the study of the retrofluorescence spectrum induced by a diode laser at the interface between glass and cesium vapor are presented. The Cs 62P3/2(Fe) hyperfine states are populated with a low-intensity tunable diode laser with a 10-MHz spectral bandwidth. We report an integrated atomic retrofluorescence spectrum in the 852.2-nm (62P3/2–62S1/2) resonance line and 917.2-nm (62D5/2–62P3/2) line generated by energy-pooling collisions. Emission spectra of the molecular fluorescence signal have been observed. At the resonance line a large proportion of the atoms excited by the laser are located in the vicinity of the surface. The interactions between the excited atomic 62P3/2 state and the surface appear as a spectral inhibition of the integrated retrofluorescence spectrum for both the atomic line and the molecular band. This spectral inhibition indicates that the nonradiative transformation process of changing atomically excited energy into thermal energy is preferred. We report the analysis of the dominant processes in the vicinity of the 852.2-nm resonance line, which can influence the retrofluorescence hyperfine spectrum at the boundary between the glass window and the saturated cesium vapor. Only the nonradiative transfer by evanescent waves toward the dissipative surface is retained. Using this mechanism, we formulate, for the first time to our knowledge, a simple model of a backscattered hyperfine fluorescence signal. The glass–vapor interface is considered as two distinct regions: a wavelength-thickness vapor layer joined to the surface and a more remote vapor region. The first region is analyzed as a spectral filter that annihilates the absorbed photons and the second one as a rich spectral light source. The experimental setup is described, and measured integrated retrofluorescence spectra are compared with predictions made by the model. The consistency between theory and experiment is remarkably good considering that the model depends only on two unknown parameters: the nonradiative transfer rate and the absorption shape line of the filtering region.