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Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements

Transmission of an optical frequency through a 3 km long optical fiber: application to absolute optical frequency measurements in hydrogen

B. deBeauvoir, F. Nez, Lucile Julien, F. Biraben, Bernard Cagnac, J.‐J. Zondy, Driss Touahri, O. Acef, Laurent Hilico

Published Dec 23, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A 3 km long optical fiber is used to connect two laboratories in Paris. We present the metrological properties of this optical link to transfer an optical frequency standard.
DOI
10.1109/cpem.1996.547088

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We realized a coherent optical fiber link in Italy, with a fiber haul of 642 km. To characterize the link, we doubled the link to 1284 km, demonstrating a characterization technique based on the double round trip on a single fiber. The link is intended to significantly improve the frequency references used in radio-astronomy and precision measurements in atomic physics. The data analysis is based on the Allan deviation, whose expression is theoretically derived from the noise power spectrum. The demonstrated resolution is 3×10−19 in 1000 s and the uncertainty of the transfer is 5×10−19. The arming of a second fiber is avoided, and this could be rather beneficial to long hauls realizations for a continental fiber network for frequency and time metrology.
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We demonstrate the long-distance transmission of an ultrastable optical frequency derived directly from a state-of-the-art optical frequency standard. Using an active stabilization system we deliver the frequency via a 146-km-long underground fiber link with a fractional instability of 3 x 10(-15) at 1 s, which is close to the theoretical limit for our transfer experiment. After 30,000 s, the relative uncertainty for the transfer is at the level of 1 x 10(-19). Tests with a very short fiber show that noise in our stabilization system contributes fluctuations that are 2 orders of magnitude lower, namely, 3 x 10(-17) at 1 s, reaching 10(-20) after 4,000 s.
Experiments of transmission of sub-Hz cavity-stabilized 1542 nm laser frequency using a pair of 43 km dark fibers in urban environment are reported on successively 86 km and 172 km, with fractional frequency instability in the 10-19 range. A new approach is then introduced consisting in using part of an optical telecommunications network carrying simultaneously data traffic using a DWDM scheme to multiplex the metrological signal. This method is experimentally implemented using 22 km of fiber linking Université Paris 13 to its internet access point without degradation of the link instability. We finally present a project of large scale link between Paris and the German border using RENATER network which could constitute the first step of the building of a European optical network for ultrastable frequency dissemination and comparison.
We transferred the frequency of an ultrastable laser over 86 km of urban fiber. The link is composed of two cascaded 43 km fibers connecting two laboratories, Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais-Systèmes de Référence Temps-Espace (LNE-SYRTE) and Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers (LPL), in the Paris area. In an effort to realistically demonstrate a link of 172 km without using spooled fiber extensions, we implemented a recirculation loop to double the length of the urban fiber link. The link is fed with a 1542 nm cavity-stabilized fiber laser having a sub-Hz linewidth. The fiber-induced phase noise is measured and cancelled with an all fiber-based interferometer using commercial off-the-shelf pigtailed telecommunication components. The compensated link shows an Allan deviation of a few 10−16 at one second and a few 10−19 at 10,000 seconds.