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Analytical Solution of Schrödinger Equation of the Harmonic Oscillator System with Position Dependent Mass Using Transformation Method

Tis Sutisna

Published Jul 2, 2009• 1 citation

Abstract

The Schrodinger equation with position-dependent mass (PDM) becomes one of interesting subjects in the study of quantum systems, because of its wide applications in many physical problems. Meanwhile, harmonic oscillator becomes important model in most physical problems. In this paper, analytical solutions of the PDM Schrodinger equation, i.e. energy eigenvalues En and eigenfunctions , of a one dimensional harmonic oscillator system using transformation method has been studied. The results showed that there was no difference between the energy eigenvalues, En of the harmonic oscillator systems with and without PDM, whereas it is not for the eigenfunctions, of these two harmonic oscillator systems. This difference was due to the presence of dimensionless mass function and the changes of x becomes variable for the eigenfunctions of the harmonic oscillator system with PDM. Moreover, the differences in the eigenfunctions will affect the dynamical properties of the quantum systems. It can be concluded that the harmonic oscillator system with PDM is the generalization of the harmonic oscillator system with constant mass.

DOI: 10.19184/jid.v10i2.83

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The Schrodinger equation with position-dependent mass (PDM) becomes one of interesting subjects in the study of quantum systems, because of its wide applications in many physical problems. Meanwhile, harmonic oscillator becomes important model in most physical problems. In this paper, analytical solutions of the PDM Schrodinger equation, i.e. energy eigenvalues En and eigenfunctions , of a one dimensional harmonic oscillator system using transformation method has been studied. The results showed that there was no difference between the energy eigenvalues, En of the harmonic oscillator systems with and without PDM, whereas it is not for the eigenfunctions, of these two harmonic oscillator systems. This difference was due to the presence of dimensionless mass function and the changes of x becomes variable for the eigenfunctions of the harmonic oscillator system with PDM. Moreover, the differences in the eigenfunctions will affect the dynamical properties of the quantum systems. It can be concluded that the harmonic oscillator system with PDM is the generalization of the harmonic oscillator system with constant mass.

Using the coordinate transformation method, we solve the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation with position-dependent mass(PDM). The explicit expressions for the potentials, energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the systems are given. The eigenfunctions can be expressed in terms of the Jacobi, Hemite and generalized Laguerre polynomials. All potentials for these solvable systems have an extra term

V_m

which produced from the dependence of mass on the coordinate, compared with that for the systems of constant mass. The properties of

V_m

for several mass functions are discussed.

We study the generalized harmonic oscillator that has both the position-dependent mass and the potential depending on the form of mass function in a more general framework. The explicit expressions of the eigenvalue and eigenfunction for such a system are given, they have the same forms as those for the usual harmonic oscillator with constant mass. The coherent state and its properties for the system with PDM are also discussed. We give the corresponding effective potentials for several mass functions, the systems with such potentials are isospectral to the usual harmonic oscillator.

An approximate method is proposed to solve the position-dependent mass (PDM) Schrödinger equation. The procedure suggested here leads to the solution of the PDM Schrödinger equation without transforming the potential function to the mass space or vice versa. The method based on the asymptotic Taylor expansion of the function produces an approximate analytical expression for eigenfunction and numerical results for eigenvalues of the PDM Schrödinger equation. The results show that the PDM and constant mass Schrödinger equations are not isospectral. The calculations are carried out with the aid of a computer system of symbolic or numerical calculation by constructing a simple algorithm.

An approximate method is proposed to solve position dependent mass Schrodinger equation. The procedure suggested here leads to the solution of the PDM Schrodinger equation without trans- forming the potential function to the mass space or vice verse. The method based on asymptotic Taylor expansion of the function, produces an approximate analytical expression for eigenfunction and numerical results for eigenvalues of the PDM Schrodinger equation. The results show that PDM and constant mass Schrodinger equations are not isospectral. The calculations are carried out with the aid of a computer system of symbolic or numerical calculation by constructing a simple algorithm.

Using the coordinate transformation method, we solve the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation with position-dependent mass. The explicit expressions for the potentials, energy eigenvalues, and eigenfunctions of the systems are given. The eigenfunctions can be expressed in terms of the Jacobi, Hermite, and generalized Laguerre polynomials. All potentials for these solvable systems have an extra term V m , which is produced from the dependence of mass on the position, compared with those for the systems of constant mass. The properties of V m for several mass functions are discussed.

In the present work, we proceed to study the Schrödinger equation with dependent mass position. From the resulting partial differential equations, we obtain exact analytical solutions governed by Bessel functions. The exact solution of Schrödinger's equation for a particle with dependent position of the mass (PDM) is a "half-harmonic potential" defined in a Hilbert space. The harmonic oscillator is carried by the wave function ψ(x) through the Bessel function. The magnitude of ψ(x) increases dramatically as the values of the spatial coordinate become larger and larger. This growth is all the more marked as the mass parameter increases. It appears that the wave function has the same asymptotic behavior as the solution of Airy's equation of the second kind. Their oscillations have the same amplitudes near infinity. The mass parameter has a great importance and influence on the mass and also on the wave potential. It is a control parameter in the Schrödinger equations (PDM).