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Bosonization in 1 + 1/2 dimensions

Manuel Fuentes

Published Jan 1, 1995• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

In this thesis we derive a set of bosonization rules for the problem of a fermionic interacting system living on the half line coupled to a quantum degree of freedom at a boundary. This is an appropriate model to describe the physics of an electronic system in quantum wires with impurities. First we derive the bosonization rules for free fermions on a half-line with physically sensible boundary conditions for Luttinger fermions. We use path-integral methods to calculate the bosonized fermionic currents on the half-line and derive their commutation relations for a system with a boundary. We compute the fermion determinant of the fermionic fluctuations for a system with a boundary using Forman's approach. We find that the degrees of freedom induced at the boundary do not modify the commutation relations of the bulk. We give an explicit derivation of the bosonization rules for the fermion operators for a system with boundaries. We derive a set of bosonization rules for the Fermi operators which include the explicit effect of the boundaries and of boundary degrees of freedom. As a byproduct, we calculate the one-particle Green's function and determine the effects of the boundaries on its analytic structure.

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In this thesis we derive a set of bosonization rules for the problem of a fermionic interacting system living on the half line coupled to a quantum degree of freedom at a boundary. This is an appropriate model to describe the physics of an electronic system in quantum wires with impurities. First we derive the bosonization rules for free fermions on a half-line with physically sensible boundary conditions for Luttinger fermions. We use path-integral methods to calculate the bosonized fermionic currents on the half-line and derive their commutation relations for a system with a boundary. We compute the fermion determinant of the fermionic fluctuations for a system with a boundary using Forman's approach. We find that the degrees of freedom induced at the boundary do not modify the commutation relations of the bulk. We give an explicit derivation of the bosonization rules for the fermion operators for a system with boundaries. We derive a set of bosonization rules for the Fermi operators which include the explicit effect of the boundaries and of boundary degrees of freedom. As a byproduct, we calculate the one-particle Green's function and determine the effects of the boundaries on its analytic structure.
We generalize the bosonization methods for systems in the half line that we discussed elsewhere, to study the effects of interactions on electronic systems coupled to impurities. We introduce a model for a quantum wire coupled with a quantum dot by a purely capacitive interaction. We show that the effect on the quantum wire is a dynamical boundary condition which reflects the charge fluctuations of the quantum dot. Special attention is given to the role of the fermion boundary conditions and their interplay with the electron interactions on the bosonized effective theory.
Bosonization technique for one-dimensional fermions out of equilibrium is developed in the framework of the Keldysh action formalism. We first demonstrate how this approach is implemented for free fermions and for the problem of nonequilibrium Fermi edge singularity. We then employ the technique to study an interacting quantum wire attached to two electrodes with arbitrary energy distributions. The nonequilibrium electron Green's functions, which can be measured via tunneling spectroscopy technique and carry the information about energy distribution, zero-bias anomaly, and dephasing, are expressed in terms of functional determinants of single-particle ``counting'' operators. The corresponding time-dependent scattering phase is found to be intrinsically related to ``fractionalization'' of electron-hole excitations in the tunneling process and at boundaries with leads. Results are generalized to the case of spinful particles as well to Green's functions at different spatial points (relevant to the problem of dephasing in Luttinger liquid interferometers). For double-step distributions, the dephasing rates are oscillatory functions of the interaction strength.
We discuss the technique of bosonization for studying systems of interacting fermions in one dimension. After briefly reviewing the low-energy properties of Fermi and Luttinger liquids, we present some of the relations between bosonic and fermionic operators in one dimension. We use these relations to calculate the correlation functions and the renormalization group properties of various operators for a system of spinless fermions. We then apply the methods of bosonization to study the Heisenberg antiferromagnetic spin 1/2 chain, the Hubbard model in one dimension and transport in clean quantum wires and in the presence of isolated impurities.
We discuss the technique of bosonization for studying systems of interacting fermions in one dimension. After briefly reviewing the low-energy properties of Fermi and Luttinger liquids, we present some of the relations between bosonic and fermionic operators in one dimension. We use these relations to calculate the correlation functions and the renormalization group properties of various operators for a system of spinless fermions. We then apply the methods of bosonization to study the Heisenberg antiferromagnetic spin 1/2 chain, the Hubbard model in one dimension, and transport in clean quantum wires and in the presence of isolated impurities.
This chapter discusses the technique of bosonization for studying systems of interacting fermions in one dimension. It reviews the low-energy properties of Fermi and Luttinger liquids and presents some of the relations between bosonic and fermionic operators in one dimension. The chapter explores these relations to calculate the correlation functions and the renormalization group properties of various operators for a system of spinless fermions. It explains the methods of bosonization to study the Heisenberg antiferromagnetic spin 1/2 chain, the Hubbard model in one dimension and transport in clean quantum wires and in the presence of isolated impurities. The basic idea of bosonization is that there are certain objects which can be calculated either in a fermionic theory or in a bosonic theory, and the two calculations give the same answer. The chapter also discusses another application of bosonization, which is to study transport, in particular the DC conductivity in one-dimensional wires of interacting fermions.
We have recently developed a formalism for carrying out Monte Carlo calculations on systems with coupled boson-fermion degrees of freedom. Here we present the results obtained using these techniques on some specific systems. First the quantum-mechanics problem of a single boson coordinate linearly coupled to a fermion is studied. The fermion Green's function and the boson coordinate displacement are calculated and compared with exact results. Extending this analysis to a one-dimensional array, a field theory in one space and one imaginary time dimension is investigated. The fermion and boson Green's functions are calculated and compared with analytic results obtained in the limit where the bare boson frequency is much larger or much smaller than the characteristic fermion energies.