Observation of fractional statistics

Douglas Lundholm, Jan Philip Solovej

A local exclusion principle is observed for identical particles obeying intermediate and fractional exchange statistics in one and two dimensions, leading to bounds for the kinetic energy in terms of the density. This has implications for models of Lieb-Liniger and Calogero-Sutherland type and implies a nontrivial lower bound for the energy of the anyon gas whenever the statistics parameter is an odd numerator fraction. We discuss whether this is actually a necessary requirement.

M. I. Beciu

Wei-Jia Liu, Jiajia Luo, Xi-Wen Guan

Haldane's fractional exclusion statistics (FES) describe generalized Pauli exclusion statistics, which can be regarded as emergent quantum statistics induced by the intrinsic dynamical interaction. Nonmutual FES have been identified at the quantum criticality of the one-dimensional (1D) and 2D interacting Bose gas [Nat. Sci. Rev. 9, nwac027 (2022)]. It is naturally asked if such nonmutual FES can be induced by the spin-spin interaction in the antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 $XXX$ chain. In this article, we first represent the Bethe ansatz equations of spin strings in terms of the FES equations of different species. Then we show that the 1D spin $XXX$ chain remarkably possesses nonmutual FES in the critical region. We observe that the equation of state in terms of the FES gives rises to full statistical properties of the model at quantum criticality, which are in good agreement with the results obtained from the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (TBA) equations of the model. From the nonmutual FES, we also precisely determine the quantum scaling functions, which further agree well with the previous TBA results [Phys. Rev. B 96, 220401(R) (2017)]. Finally, we also establish an exact mapping between the scaling functions of the Lieb-Liniger model and the spin Heisenberg spin chain at quantum criticality. Our method provides deep insights into the critical phase of matter from a quantum FES point of view.

Wei-Jia Liu, Jiajia Luo, Xi-Wen Guan

Haldane's fractional exclusion statistics (FES) describes a generalized Pauli exclusion statistics, which can be regarded as an emergent quantum statistics induced by the intrinsic dynamical interaction. A non-mutual FES has been identified at the quantum criticality of the one-dimensional (1D) and 2D interacting Bose Gas [Nat. Sci. Rev. 9, nwac027 (2022)]. It is naturally asked if such a non-mutual FES can be induced by the spin-spin interaction in the antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 XXX chain? In this article, we first represent the Bethe ansatz equations of spin strings in terms of the FES equations of different species. Then we show that the 1D spin XXX chain remarkably possesses the non-mutual FES in the critical region. We observe that the equation of state in terms of the FES gives rises to full statistical properties of the model at quantum criticality, which are in good agreement with the results obtained from the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (TBA) equations of the model. From the non-mutual FES, we also precisely determine the quantum scaling functions, which further agree well with the previous TBA results [Phys. Rev. B 96, 220401(R) (2017)]. Finally, we also build up an exact mapping between the scaling functions of the Lieb-Liniger model and the spin Heisenberg spin chain at quantum criticality. Our method provides deep insights into the critical phase of matter from quantum FES point of view.

Zachary N. C. Ha