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Wave-Particle Paradox and Evans Photomagneton.

Kamal L Rajpal

Published Jan 1, 2004• 4 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Physical objects from quarks to planets have wavelike attributes. Q uantum theory offers an excellent mathematical structure for the wave -particle duality nature of photons, electrons, protons, neutrons, atoms and molecules. This article explains the electromagnetic inertia harmonic oscillation nature of quantum particles and gives a simple physical interpretation of the string theory, wave mechanics, two-slit interference and the Faraday effect. 1.0 The ELECTRON. An electron is an elementary particle with the smallest non -zero rest mass. It has a negative electric charge, w hich generates a field in free space, extending to infinity, and is conversely acted on by forces due to the field.

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Physical objects from quarks to planets have wavelike attributes. Q uantum theory offers an excellent mathematical structure for the wave -particle duality nature of photons, electrons, protons, neutrons, atoms and molecules. This article explains the electromagnetic inertia harmonic oscillation nature of quantum particles and gives a simple physical interpretation of the string theory, wave mechanics, two-slit interference and the Faraday effect. 1.0 The ELECTRON. An electron is an elementary particle with the smallest non -zero rest mass. It has a negative electric charge, w hich generates a field in free space, extending to infinity, and is conversely acted on by forces due to the field.
The simplest but deepest questions of the philosophy of quantum mechanics are these: Are quantum systems waves, or are they particles? Are they both or are they neither? When light bounces an electron out of the surface of an alkali metal it behaves like a particle. Light carries momentum but also a punch. Just as there is no such thing as half a punch, so there is no such thing as half a quantum of light. On the other hand, the shadow formed on a screen by an object has soft edges, edges which get softer as the object is moved away from the screen. Light exhibits the phenomena of diffraction and interference and so is wavelike. This dual behaviour of light, and indeed of matter itself, is called wave-particle duality. The wave nature of a quantum system is reflected in wave mechanics which assigns a wave-function to the system. But the dual nature of light was noticed before Schrodinger developed the wave-mechanical formalism in 1926. In fact, it goes back at least as far as Einsteins explanation of the photoelectric effect in 1905. Wave-particle duality is not something that arises within the quantum mechanical formalism. It is something which is expressed within it, and is something which is best discussed in terms of the paradoxes that quantum experiments force upon physics. In fact, the simplest and most immediately disturbing of the quantummechanical paradoxes arise out of wave-particle duality. We take the two-slit experiment and the delayed-choice experiment as examples.
In contemporary physics a current Quantum Mechanics (QM) theory holds that all particles exhibit a wave nature and vice versa. However, the meaning or interpretation of this statement has not been satisfactorily resolved yet. According to the multispace conception [1] the force field and space are synonyms. Each particle has several force fields: electric, magnetic, gravity. Therefore the particle can be simultaneously in several spaces. So a photon in its own electric and magnetic spaces is a particle, but in the gravity space the photon is a wave. This phenomenon is intrinsic wave-particle duality. The scattering and collisions of fermions (electrons) can form a picture of distribution similar to wave interference. It is apparent wave-particle duality because fermions remain as lumps.
Field-Theoretic Explanation of Wave-Particle Duality—Unification of Particle Locality and the Wave Nature of the Perturbation Field This paper provides a physical explanation of the most central puzzle in quantum mechanics—wave-particle duality—without relying on "probability-amplitude collapse" or "nonlocal entanglement." This theory divides all matter in the universe into Nie-matter entities (massive, Staticity) and Ji-matter entities (massless, Dynamicity), and maintains that quantum objects (electrons, neutrons, etc.) are always localized Nie-matter entity particles. Their "wave behavior" originates from the particle's local perturbation of the Ji-matter field that already fills space during motion—the perturbation propagates in the form of a wave, produces an interference field when passing through the double slits, and the interference field in turn guides the particle's landing position. The particle always passes through only one slit, while the field passes through both slits simultaneously; interference is the behavior of the field, not the behavior of the particle. This mechanism naturally explains double-slit interference, the coexistence of neutron collisions and wave behavior, the disturbance of interference fringes by observation devices, and the variation of interference contrast with source offset and slit spacing. This paper further gives three falsifiable predictions: P6-1 (a decisive distinction between device field-strength disturbance and which-path information disturbance), P6-2A (the disturbance effect varies continuously with field strength), and P6-2B (an argument for the explanatory power of double-slit interference contrast—naturally derived from one mechanism vs. jointly explained by four independent concepts). Compared with mainstream theory, this theory does not need "wavefunction collapse," does not need "nonlocality," and does not need "many worlds"—it only needs to acknowledge: particles are localized, the field fills space, and the motion of particles is guided by the local field gradient.
A solitary electron in free space is not a fixed particle at rest in a given inertial frame of reference. It is always oscillating in a simple harmonic motion (SHM) in its own electromagnetic inertia field, even at zero kelvin temperature. A Newtonian particle exhibits uniform motion in a straight line. A quantum particle like the electron exhibits uniform motion along a sine wave path. This explains the physical concept of the wave-particle nature of the electron. As the mass of a quantum particle increases, the wavelength of the particle decreases as per French physicist Louis de Broglie. In the limiting case the sine wave becomes a straight line. Also, a hypothetical electron without an electric charge is like the bob of a simple pendulum without a string. In an electron-spin qubit, the electron can oscillate either clockwise or anti-clockwise and cannot oscillate both clockwise and anti-clockwise at the same time. It cannot be both spin-up and spin-down at the same time.
One of the most counterintuitive consequences of quantum mechanics is that particles can behave like waves. This wavelike nature is seen not only for elementary particles, such as electrons as they orbit the nucleus, but also for free particle beams, as shown by many experiments in electron, neutron and atom optics. Interference effects provide unambiguous proof of wave-like behaviour and in the last five years such effects have been widely used for beams of neutral atomic particles. Researchers are now starting to exploit the wave nature of these beams further by using many tricks already established for optics.