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Il Nuovo cimento della Società italiana di fisica. B/Il Nuovo cimento B

Positive probabilities and the principle of equivalence for spin-zero particles in the causal stochastic interpretation of quantum mechanics

Peter Holland, Jean Pierre Vigier

Published Jul 1, 1985• 11 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/bf02729026

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arXiv:2112.04383•Nov 29, 2021•0 citations
We show how the causal interpretation provides a physical basis for the Wigner phase-space formulation of quantum mechanics by analyzing the case of a relativistic spin-zero particle in an external electromagnetic field. The Wigner function can be interpreted as both a generalized transformation and a field which defines a quantum potential in phase space. We also propose a Lorentz-vector distribution function which always associates positive probability densities with the real motions of particles and antiparticles in phase space.
The deduction by Guerra and Marra of the usual quantum operator algebra from a canonical variable Hamiltonian treatment of Nelson's hydrodynamical stochastic description of real nonrelativistic Schr\"odinger waves is extended to the causal stochastic interpretation given by Guerra and Ruggiero and by Vigier of relativistic Klein-Gordon waves. A specific representation shows that the Poisson brackets for canonical hydrodynamical observables become ``averages'' of quantum observables in the given state. Stochastic quantization thus justifies the standard procedure of replacing the classical particle (or field) observables with operators according to the scheme ${p}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}-i\ensuremath{\Elzxh}${\ensuremath{\partial}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ and ${L}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}-i\ensuremath{\Elzxh}(${x}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$${\ensuremath{\partial}}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}$-${x}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}$${\ensuremath{\partial}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$).
Formulas for calculating the joint probability of outcomes of measurements performed on mutually non-interacting component systems of a combined system prepared in an entangled state are presented. The formulas are based on non-relativistic quantum mechanics. An interpretation of the joint probability which conforms to the principle of local causality is proposed. The joint probability of outcomes of spin measurements performed on the well-known system of two spatially separated spin-1/2 particles prepared initially in the singlet state is used to illustrate the proposed interpretation of theoretical and experimental results.