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Measurement Of The Atomic Lifetime Of Krypton Ii 5p Quantum Stat D With 4 Multiplicity And 7/2 Spin And Xenon Ii 6p Quantum State D With 4 Multiplicity And 5/2 Spin Using The Photon-photon Delayed Coincidence Technique

Roy Edward Mitchell

Published Jan 1, 1990• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A new high-efficiency photon-photon delayed coincidence lifetime measuring apparatus has been constructed and was used to study the 5d {dollar}\\sp4{dollar}F{dollar}\\sb{lcub}9/2{rcub}{dollar} {dollar}\\longrightarrow{dollar} 5p {dollar}\\sp4{dollar}D{dollar}\\sbsp{lcub}7/2{rcub}{lcub}\\rm o{rcub}{dollar} {dollar}\\longrightarrow{dollar} 5s {dollar}\\sp4{dollar}P{dollar}\\sb{lcub}5/2{rcub}{dollar} cascade in Kr II and the 6d {dollar}\\sp4{dollar}F{dollar}\\sb{lcub}7/2{rcub}{dollar} {dollar}\\longrightarrow{dollar} 6p {dollar}\\sp4{dollar}D{dollar}\\sbsp{lcub}5/2{rcub}{lcub}\\rm o{rcub}{dollar} {dollar}\\longrightarrow{dollar} 6s {dollar}\\sp4{dollar}P{dollar}\\sb{lcub}3/2{rcub}{dollar} cascade in Xe II. A neutral atomic beam was excited and ionized by electron impact, and the spontaneously emitted photons were collected by an ellipsoidal mirror, collimated by an aspheric lens, and detected by two Amperex XP2020Q fast linear-focussed photomultipliers provided with narrow-band interference filters. The spectrum of time delays was acquired by a time-to-amplitude converter-multichannel pulse-height analyser combination. The lifetime of the Kr II 5p {dollar}\\sp4{dollar}D{dollar}\\sbsp{lcub}7/2{rcub}{lcub}\\rm o{rcub}{dollar} state was found to be 7.004 {dollar}\\pm{dollar} 0.053 nanoseconds and is in agreement with two previous measurements. This first measurement provided a calibration of the newly constructed apparatus. It also has provided an improvement in the precision with which this lifetime is known by a factor of 3. The Xe II 6p {dollar}\\sp4{dollar}D{dollar}\\sbsp{lcub}5/2{rcub}{lcub}\\rm o{rcub}{dollar} state lifetime was found to be 9.634 {dollar}\\pm{dollar} 0.067 nanoseconds. This result agrees with several measurements of lower accuracy but does not agree with two previous measurements claiming high precision. This discrepancy has not been resolved in this work.

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A new high-efficiency photon-photon delayed coincidence lifetime measuring apparatus has been constructed and was used to study the 5d {dollar}\sp4{dollar}F{dollar}\sb{lcub}9/2{rcub}{dollar} {dollar}\longrightarrow{dollar} 5p {dollar}\sp4{dollar}D{dollar}\sbsp{lcub}7/2{rcub}{lcub}\rm o{rcub}{dollar} {dollar}\longrightarrow{dollar} 5s {dollar}\sp4{dollar}P{dollar}\sb{lcub}5/2{rcub}{dollar} cascade in Kr II and the 6d {dollar}\sp4{dollar}F{dollar}\sb{lcub}7/2{rcub}{dollar} {dollar}\longrightarrow{dollar} 6p {dollar}\sp4{dollar}D{dollar}\sbsp{lcub}5/2{rcub}{lcub}\rm o{rcub}{dollar} {dollar}\longrightarrow{dollar} 6s {dollar}\sp4{dollar}P{dollar}\sb{lcub}3/2{rcub}{dollar} cascade in Xe II. A neutral atomic beam was excited and ionized by electron impact, and the spontaneously emitted photons were collected by an ellipsoidal mirror, collimated by an aspheric lens, and detected by two Amperex XP2020Q fast linear-focussed photomultipliers provided with narrow-band interference filters. The spectrum of time delays was acquired by a time-to-amplitude converter-multichannel pulse-height analyser combination. The lifetime of the Kr II 5p {dollar}\sp4{dollar}D{dollar}\sbsp{lcub}7/2{rcub}{lcub}\rm o{rcub}{dollar} state was found to be 7.004 {dollar}\pm{dollar} 0.053 nanoseconds and is in agreement with two previous measurements. This first measurement provided a calibration of the newly constructed apparatus. It also has provided an improvement in the precision with which this lifetime is known by a factor of 3. The Xe II 6p {dollar}\sp4{dollar}D{dollar}\sbsp{lcub}5/2{rcub}{lcub}\rm o{rcub}{dollar} state lifetime was found to be 9.634 {dollar}\pm{dollar} 0.067 nanoseconds. This result agrees with several measurements of lower accuracy but does not agree with two previous measurements claiming high precision. This discrepancy has not been resolved in this work.
We have developed an interesting and widely applicable technique for measuring lifetimes of low-lying levels of neutral atoms and their first few ionization states. The cascade-photon-coincidence method has been extended by using a light source consisting of excited atoms sputtered from a solid by 10-keV argon ions. We have measured the lifetimes of the 4p2{4\mathrm{p}}^{2}4p2P3/2o{\mathrm{P}}_{3\mathrm{/}2}^{\mathrm{o}}P3/2o​ state of Ca II, the 6p2{6\mathrm{p}}^{2}6p2P3/2o{\mathrm{P}}_{3\mathrm{/}2}^{\mathrm{o}}P3/2o​ state of Ba II, and the 4p2{4\mathrm{p}}^{2}4p2P3/2o{\mathrm{P}}_{3\mathrm{/}2}^{\mathrm{o}}P3/2o​ state of Al III. These measurements are in good agreement with earlier work.
Forward- and backward-directed, stimulated emissions have been observed following two-photon pumping of the 5p states of krypton and the 6p', 7p, 8p, and 4f states of xenon. Multiphoton ionization spectra are also obtained and compared with the photon-detected excitation spectra. In krypton coherent emissions from the 5p states to the 5s are observed, and for xenon many p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}s, d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p, and f\ensuremath{\rightarrow}d cascade emissions are observed. By analogy to the well-studied alkali-metal and alkaline-earth examples, the emissions are assigned as amplified spontaneous emission. Several intensity anomalies in the xenon p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}s emissions are not understood at present. Interference effects due to coherent cancellation between competing excitation pathways may be occurring.
Both on-axis and conical emissions have been observed following two-photon pumping of the 5p states of krypton and the 6p', 7p, 8p, and 4f states of xenon. In the former case, coherent emissions from the 5p states to the 5s are observed, and in the latter case, many p..-->..s, d..-->..p, and f..-->..d cascade emissions are observed. By analogy to the well-studied alkali and alkaline earth examples, the emissions are discussed in terms of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), stimulated hyper-Raman scattering, and parametric four-wave mixing. The physical processes responsible for the conical emission and for intensity anomalies in the xenon p..-->..s emissions are not understood at present. Interference effects due to coherent cancellation between competing excitation pathways may be occurring. 4 refs., 3 figs.
The photon-photon delayed coincidence technique is used to measure the lifetime; the value (6.21+or-0.10) ns is found. The measurements are obtained under conditions where pressure-dependent effects, as well as other known systematic errors, are negligible. A procedure for data analysis which has not previously been used with the present technique is employed. In this procedure, the apparatus response function is obtained directly and the measured time spectrum is deconvoluted using this response function to yield the lifetime.
Time-resolved collinear fast-beam laser spectroscopy has been used to measure the lifetime of the T=23 537 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, J=9/2 odd-parity [abbreviated as (23 537)${\mathrm{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}}_{9/2}$] level in Nd ii. Nanosecond pulsed excitation was achieved with the Doppler switching technique. The fast ions were selectively excited from the metastable 4${\mathit{f}}^{4}$5d 6^{6}6K9/2{\mathit{K}}_{9/2}K9/2​ level to the (23 537)${\mathrm{\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}}}_{9/2}$ level by the light of a cw dye laser. The decay of the resonance fluorescence photons emitted in the transition to the ground 4${\mathit{f}}^{4}$6s 6^{6}6I7/2{\mathit{I}}_{7/2}I7/2​ level, as a function of the flight distance, was observed. The decay length was scaled into the decay time by the ion velocity, which was determined using the optical resonance itself. The lifetime is 27.7(9) ns.