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AIP conference proceedings

Quenching of the Electronic Spin Relaxation and Decoherence by Localization on Donors

E. Aubry, G. Karczewski, Jérôme Tribollet, F. Bernardot, C. Testelin, M. Chamarro

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In pump‐probe experiments, we compare the spin relaxation and decoherence times of electrons bound on neutral donors inside an intrinsic CdTe quantum well (QW), with those of free electrons in a doped CdTe QW. We demonstrate that the localization of the electrons on donors, slows down the spin relaxation and the spin decoherence by two orders of magnitude.

DOI
10.1063/1.2730390

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Physical Review B•Jan 10, 2006•43 citations
In pump‐probe experiments, we compare the spin relaxation and decoherence times of electrons bound on neutral donors inside an intrinsic CdTe quantum well (QW), with those of free electrons in a doped CdTe QW. We demonstrate that the localization of the electrons on donors, slows down the spin relaxation and the spin decoherence by two orders of magnitude.
We present easily reproducible experimental conditions giving rise to a long electron spin memory at low temperature. The proposed system consists of an electron localized by a donor potential, and immerged in a quantum well. We have measured, by using photoinduced Faraday rotation technique, the spin relaxation time of electrons localized on iodine donors placed at the middle of a 80A˚80\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}80A˚ CdTe quantum well, and we have obtained 20ns20\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}20ns; this spin relaxation time is two orders of magnitude longer than for free electrons in a similar CdTe quantum well [J. Tribollet et al., Phys. Rev. B 68, 235316 (2003)].
Spin-dependent photon echoes in combination with pump-probe Kerr rotation are used to study the microscopic electron spin transport in a CdTe/(Cd,Mg)Te quantum well in the hopping regime. We demonstrate that, independent of the particular spin relaxation mechanism, the hopping of resident electrons leads to a shortening of the photon echo decay time, while the transverse spin relaxation time evaluated from pump-probe transients increases due to motional narrowing of spin dynamics in the fluctuating effective magnetic field of the lattice nuclei.
Étude de l'influence de la concentration et de la température sur le temps de relaxation de spin des donneurs immergés dans un puit quantique du CdTe Ce travail présente une étude de l'influence de la concentration de dopage, de la température et du champ magnétique longitudinal sur le temps de relaxation de spin des électrons liés aux donneurs immergés au milieu d'un puits quantique (PQ) de CdTe. En insérant les donneurs dans un PQ, les règles de sélection optique de la lumière polarisée circulairement sont purifiées, ce qui permet un meilleur degré d'orientation optique des spins des électrons que dans les cristaux 3D. En utilisant une technique de rotation Faraday photo-induite, nous mesurons d’abord le temps de relaxation de spin des électrons liés aux donneurs pour différentes concentrations de dopage à basse température dans le régime isolant. Ensuite, pour évaluer les mécanismes de relaxation de spin dans notre système, nous calculons l'énergie d'échange d'une paire d'électrons liés aux donneurs immergés au milieu d'un PQ infini, pour toute distance inter-donneur et différentes épaisseurs. En utilisant ce calcul, nous expliquons le comportement expérimental comme une interaction de deux mécanismes : l’interaction hyperfine et l’anisotrope d’échange. De plus, nous déterminons la constante spin-orbite dans CdTe αso = 0.079. Ensuite, nous présentons le développement d’une expérience pompe-sonde étendue permettant de mesurer les temps de relaxation de spin à l’échelle microseconde. Nous discutons brièvement des premiers résultats expérimentaux pour le temps de relaxation de spin longitudinal d'électrons liés aux donneurs immergés dans un PQ de CdTe avec différentes concentrations de dopage. Enfin, nous étudions l'évolution en température de la relaxation de spin de 10 à 80 K. On explique le comportement expérimental en invoquant l'échange de spin entre les électrons localisés et le spin d'électrons promus en états de conduction. Le spin des électrons localisés subit l’effet des interactions hyperfine et anisotrope, le mécanisme de D’yakonov-Perel’ régit la relaxation de spin des électrons de conduction.
Optical control of the spin coherence of quantum well electrons by short laser pulses with circular or linear polarization is studied experimentally and theoretically. For that purpose the coherent electron spin dynamics in a nnn-doped CdTe/(Cd,Mg)Te quantum well structure was measured by time-resolved pump-probe Kerr rotation, using resonant excitation of the negatively charged exciton (trion) state. The amplitude and phase shifts of the electron spin beat signal in an external magnetic field, that are induced by laser control pulses, depend on the pump-control delay and polarization of the control relative to the pump pulse. Additive and nonadditive contributions to pump-induced signal due to the control are isolated experimentally. These contributions can be well described in the framework of a two-level model for the optical excitation of the resident electron to the trion.
We present a model for the incoherent spin dynamics of a Mn atom inside a CdTe quantum dot resonantly pumped by a laser light. The relevant quantum states of the system, 2 S + 1 = 6 spin states in the optical ground state and the 24 = (2 S + 1) * (2 S e + 1) * (2 S h + 1) are obtained from a effective spin Hamiltonian which describes the basic features of photoluminescence. The model includes the dominant Ising exchange interactions between the spins of the hole, the Mn and the electron but neglects coherent spin-flip terms. The Mn spin dynamics is described with a master equation for the populations of the 30 levels for which dissipative spin-flip processes are permitted. The optical spin pumping observed experimentally is explained if the Mn spin relaxation time in with ( T 1 X ) exciton is much shorter than ( T 1 G ), the Mn spin relaxation time without exciton.
The excitation of electron spin polarization and coherence by picosecond light pulses and their dynamics in a wide remotely doped quantum well are studied theoretically and experimentally. Assuming that all electrons in the quantum well are localized, the theory considers the resonant interaction of light pulses with the four-level system formed by the electron spins of the ground state and the hole spins of the trion excited state. The theory describes the effects of spontaneous emission, a transverse magnetic field and hole spin relaxation on the dynamics detected by the Kerr rotation of a probe pulse. Time resolved Kerr rotation experiments were carried out on a remotely doped 14nm14\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}14nm GaAs quantum well in the frequency range of optical transitions to the heavy hole (HH) trion and to the light-hole (LH) trion degenerate with the HH exciton. The experiments on the resonant excitation of the HH trion show a very slow heavy hole spin relaxation and, consequently, a weak electron spin polarization after the trion relaxation. In contrast, the resonant excitation of the LH trion/HH exciton results in a fast hole spin relaxation that increases electron spin polarization.