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Jurnal Teknologi

ALL-OPTICAL HYSTERESIS SWITCHING USING MOBIUS CONFIGURATION MICRORING RESONATOR CIRCUIT

Ahmad Fakhrurrazi Ahmad Noorden, Azam Mohamad, Mahdi Bahadoran, Kashif Tufail Chaudhary, Muhammad Safwan Abd Aziz, Muhammad Arif Bin Jalil, Jalil Ali, Preecha P. Yupapin

Published Jun 3, 2015• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The novel twisted ring resonator called add-drop Mobius microring resonator is introduced and modelled with the analytical solution of transfer matrix methods for the generation of optical bistability. Simulated results show that, the add-drop Mobius configuration provides greater phase shift due to the longer length of propagation per roundtrip than add-drop filter configuration. In add-drop Mobius system, drop port generated the optical bistable hysteresis loop with 19.25 mW output switching power and through port generated lower switching power as 5.55 mW. The drop port of the system is found as the suitable port for the operating the all-optical hysteresis switching.

DOI
10.11113/jt.v74.4718

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The theoretical investigation has been performed on the implementation of optical Mobius shape in add-drop microring resonator. The modified add-drop Mobius configuration is used to investigate the optical bistability and the spectral transmission. The optical bright soliton pulse is used as the input source of the resonator system. The pulses propagation of the resonator system is modelled using the iterative programming based on the transfer matrix analysis equations. The enhancement of nonlinear effect of the resonator system is achieved by the add-drop Mobius resonator configuration. The system has been modelled for a variation of coupling coefficient for increase the bistable signal properties. The Add-drop Mobius MRR generated a bistable signal with 6.01 mW hysteresis width, and 9.47 mW output switch power with optimized radius of 5 µm outer and 4.5 m inner ring parts with 50 mW controlled power and input power. Mobius configuration is found as the better shape of resonator cavity that capable of optical switching application.

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Applied Optics•May 6, 2014•6 citations
The novel twisted ring resonator called add-drop Mobius microring resonator is introduced and modelled with the analytical solution of transfer matrix methods for the generation of optical bistability. Simulated results show that, the add-drop Mobius configuration provides greater phase shift due to the longer length of propagation per roundtrip than add-drop filter configuration. In add-drop Mobius system, drop port generated the optical bistable hysteresis loop with 19.25 mW output switching power and through port generated lower switching power as 5.55 mW. The drop port of the system is found as the suitable port for the operating the all-optical hysteresis switching.
A novel design of microring resonator called all-pass Mobius ring resonator is used to study optical bistability effect and spectral transmission for all-optical switching application with clockwise hysteresis loop operation. The bright soliton pulse is applied as the input source of the system. The propagation of the pulses within the system is simulated using the transfer matrix analysis. The all-pass Mobius ring resonator is able to operate under high nonlinearity as it has longer propagation length per roundtrip. The all-pass Mobius provides low transmission peak power of 3.65 mW as compared to the conventional all-pass configuration. The output-to-input relation of both design shows that the Mobius configuration is able to generate a higher hysteresis loop width of the bistable signal from 15.79 mW to 18.10 mW input power. The switching power of the optical bistability in Mobius configuration is 3.67 mW for threshold power of 16.95mW. This work shows the Mobius configuration is more suitable to be used for all-optical switching application as compared to the conventional all-pass ring resonator configuration.
The theoretical investigation has been performed on the implementation of optical Mobius shape in add-drop microring resonator. The modified add-drop Mobius configuration is used to investigate the optical bistability and the spectral transmission. The optical bright soliton pulse is used as the input source of the resonator system. The pulses propagation of the resonator system is modelled using the iterative programming based on the transfer matrix analysis equations. The enhancement of nonlinear effect of the resonator system is achieved by the add-drop Mobius resonator configuration. The system has been modelled for a variation of coupling coefficient for increase the bistable signal properties. The Add-drop Mobius MRR generated a bistable signal with 6.01 mW hysteresis width, and 9.47 mW output switch power with optimized radius of 5 µm outer and 4.5 m inner ring parts with 50 mW controlled power and input power. Mobius configuration is found as the better shape of resonator cavity that capable of optical switching application.
Optical bistability is one of the nonlinear properties that produce an essential light control which contributes in various photonics applications such as all-optical switching and optical memory. In this thesis, bistability behavior of optical signals generated in microring resonator (MRR) systems using bright soliton input pulses with 1.55 µm wavelength is studied. The generation of the bistable signals is mathematically analyzed through the transfer matrix analysis and simulated by the MATLAB software version 2014a. The behavior of the propagated input pulses in terms of intensity and phase shift is investigated for different configurations including All-pass MRR, Add-drop MRR and PANDA MRR systems. Three novel Mobius MRR configurations consist of All-pass Mobius MRR, Add-drop Mobius MRR and PANDA Mobius MRR configurations are proposed and the light treatment through Mobius MRR systems is analytically studied and compared with conventional MRR systems. For determining the effect of physical parameters such as ring radius, control power variation and coupling coefficients on the output pulse, the optical hysteresis loops of bistable signals are generated via silicon-on-insulator nonlinear MRR configurations. The analyses of the results are conducted by calculating the output switching power, input threshold power and hysteresis width of bistable loop for radius variation from 1 µm to 6 µm with an increment of 1 µm, change of coupling coefficient from 0.4 to 0.9 with increment of 0.1 and variation of controlled power from 50 mW to 100 mW with increment of 10 mW. It is found that small coupling coefficients enhance the hysteresis width and output switching power of optical bistable loops. The value of output switching power obtained at the output port of Add-drop Mobius MRR is 30.26 mW which is higher than those obtained from All-pass Mobius and PANDA Mobius MRR configurations. The threshold powers of the All-pass Mobius, Add-drop Mobius and PANDA Mobius configurations for on switching operations are obtained as 20.59 mW, 31.39 mW and 25.19 mW respectively. It is found that, optimization of the Mobius MRR system can be conducted by increasing the external radius of Mobius ring waveguide and decreasing the coupling coefficient with implementation of the high control power. In this work, the Mobius configurations are introduced as a convenient compact design to generate optical bistability in comparison with conventional configurations of nonlinear MRR system.
In this work, we experimentally study the optical bistability (BI) behavior in active silicon microring resonators (MRR). A stable hysteresis loop response at the output port is demonstrated at a power level higher than the BI threshold, taking into account the different detuning and free carrier life-times. That hysteresis is observed at low and high BI thresholds, which can be used for all-optical switching and optical routers. The MRR is placed inside a reverse-biased PIN junction and fabricated by CMOS technology. It records a loaded Q-factor, linewidth (3 dB width of the spectrum), and extinction ratio (ER) around105,15.310^{5},15.3105,15.3pm, and 20 dB, respectively.
We demonstrate crossbar all-optical switching (AOS) on an add-drop microring resonator on chip made of periodically poled lithium niobate. Utilizing quantum Zeno blockade (QZB) induced by sum-frequency generation, a signal is switched between the resonator's two output ports by a pump wave. The switching contrast is 3.35 and 8.27 dB, respectively, at the through and drop ports during a quasi-continuous operation and 5.15 and 9.01 dB during a pulsed operation. These results demonstrate a purely parametric approach to optical routing and computing for all-optical information processing.
In this work, we study the bistability of an active nonlinear microring resonator and design a flip-flop based on the active microring resonator. In the presence of nonlinear and linear loss, we use Er-doped gain medium in the microring to obtain gain to compensate for the loss of the resonator. Both analytical and numerical methods are used to solve the propagation in the microring with double couplers, and we obtain the hysteresis loops of the microring. The results obtained by the two methods reveal that, in the presence of nonlinearity in microring resonators, the system exhibits bistability, and the gain in the microring leads to a decrease of the bias power when the active microring is taken as a bistable switcher. Basing on the bistability of the microring, we realize a set-reset flip-flop by adding a positive or negative feedback onto the bias. We also find that the duration of the set and reset pulses must exceed the field buildup time of the microring if we want to achieve the switching of the bias signal. In our design, the duration time is about 2 ps.