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Proceedings of the ... American Control Conference/Proceedings of the American Control Conference

Lyapunov analysis for coherent control of quantum systems by dissipation

Yu Pan, Valery Ugrinovskii, M. R. James

Published Jul 1, 2015• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Control by dissipation, or environment engineering, constitutes an important class of quantum coherent control methods which was proposed to improve robustness and scalability of quantum control systems. This paper aims to develop the theory for engineering the dissipation based on a ground-state Lyapunov stability analysis of the open quantum systems via a Heisenberg-picture approach. In particular, expressing the Lyapunov conditions as operator inequalities allows a purely algebraic treatment of the quantum environment engineering problem, which facilitates the integration of large-scale quantum coherent networks and could be used to draw an explicit connection to the theory of quantum Markov semigroups.

DOI
10.1109/acc.2015.7170718

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Control by dissipation, or environment engineering, constitutes an important class of quantum coherent control methods which was proposed to improve robustness and scalability of quantum control systems. This paper aims to develop the theory for engineering the dissipation based on a ground-state Lyapunov stability analysis of the open quantum systems via a Heisenberg-picture approach. In particular, expressing the Lyapunov conditions as operator inequalities allows a purely algebraic treatment of the quantum environment engineering problem, which facilitates the integration of large-scale quantum coherent networks and could be used to draw an explicit connection to the theory of quantum Markov semigroups.
Stability of quantum Markov systems is investigated in terms of stability of invariant states. Evolutions of a quantum system in the Heisenberg picture are considered which are modeled in terms of a quantum stochastic differential equation. Using a Markov operator semigroup associated with this quantum stochastic differential equation, we derive sufficient conditions for the existence and stability of a unique and faithful invariant quantum state. The conditions are formulated in terms of algebraic constraints suitable for engineering quantum systems to be used in coherent feedback networks. To derive these conditions, we use quantum analogues of the stochastic Lyapunov stability theory.
Quantum Markovian systems, modeled as unitary dilations in the quantum stochastic calculus of Hudson and Parthasarathy, have become standard in current quantum technological applications. This paper investigates the stability theory of such systems. Lyapunov-type conditions in the Heisenberg picture are derived in order to stabilize the evolution of system operators as well as the underlying dynamics of the quantum states. In particular, using the quantum Markov semigroup associated with this quantum stochastic differential equation, we derive sufficient conditions for the existence and stability of a unique and faithful invariant quantum state. Furthermore, this paper proves the quantum invariance principle, which extends the LaSalle invariance principle to quantum systems in the Heisenberg picture. These results are formulated in terms of algebraic constraints suitable for engineering quantum systems that are used in coherent feedback networks.
Quantum Markovian systems, modeled as unitary dilations in the quantum stochastic calculus of Hudson and Parthasarathy, have become standard in current quantum technological applications. This paper investigates the stability theory of such systems. Lyapunov-type conditions in the Heisenberg picture are derived in order to stabilize the evolution of system operators as well as the underlying dynamics of the quantum states. In particular, using the quantum Markov semigroup associated with this quantum stochastic differential equation, we derive sufficient conditions for the existence and stability of a unique and faithful invariant quantum state. Furthermore, this paper proves the quantum invariance principle, which extends the LaSalle invariance principle to quantum systems in the Heisenberg picture. These results are formulated in terms of algebraic constraints suitable for engineering quantum systems that are used in coherent feedback networks.
The purpose of this paper is to extend J.C. Willems' theory of dissipative systems to open quantum systems described by quantum noise models. This theory, which combines ideas from quantum physics and control theory, provides useful methods for analysis and design of dissipative quantum systems. We describe the interaction of the plant and a class of external systems, called exosystems, in terms of feedback networks of interconnected open quantum systems. Our results include an infinitesimal characterization of the dissipation property, which generalizes the well-known Positive Real and Bounded Real Lemmas, and is used to study some properties of quantum dissipative systems. We also show how to formulate control design problems using network models for open quantum systems, which implements Willems' “control by interconnection” for open quantum systems. This control design formulation includes, for example, standard problems of stabilization, regulation, and robust control.
Practical implementations of quantum information processing will ultimately rely on our ability to control large-scale quantum systems. This control faces two major challenges: the exponential growth of the state space with the number of components, and the ability to control dissipation in these systems. While current small- and medium-scale quantum platforms rely on traditional approaches that reason at the level of individual quantum states and aim to isolate systems from their environment, such strategies become increasingly impractical as system size grows. The complexity of interactions and the presence of noise in realistic implementations demand scalable approaches that go beyond state-by-state control. Such approaches require a shift toward reasoning in terms of collections of states that share symmetries or dynamical properties, and towards dealing with systems being far from their equilibrium state because of their openness. This thesis explores methods to understand and engineer dissipation for stabilizing quantum states and subspaces, enabling autonomous error correction, and facilitating robust logical operations, all through the lens of subspaces of the exponentially large state space. In particular, we develop symmetry-protected and nonlinear stabilization schemes that not only stabilize states and subspaces but also exhibit intrinsic error-correcting features rooted in driven-dissipative dynamics. We introduce a novel error correction strategy based on gradual entropy removal, offering scalable implementations with reduced overhead. Finally, we investigate the interplay between dissipation and logical operations, uncovering both limitations and opportunities in realistic quantum sensing and gate protocols, with a special focus on finite-energy bosonic codes.