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Springer eBooks

Saturated Absorption Spectroscopy with Applications to the 3.39 μm Methane Transition

J. L. Hall

Published Jan 1, 1973• 13 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4684-2961-9_40

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arXiv:1401.6208•Optics Letters•Apr 4, 2014•57 citations
We present a new scheme of laser spectrometer based on an active optical cavity containing saturated absorbing and amplifying media. Such an active cavity may ensure enhancement in the amplitude of nonlinear optical resonances of saturated absorption at least by one order of magnitude as compared with similar passive system. The efficiency of the spectrometer was demonstrated by the observation of saturated absorption resonances in methane at a wavelength of 3.39 /spl mu/m under transit-time conditions. In these conditions, the contribution of fast molecules can be greatly reduced because of a finite interaction time of particles with the radiation field. In our work with a light beam 0.6 cm in diameter, we eliminated the transit-time broadening limit by using optical selection of slow methane molecules with a transverse velocity 20 times less than the mean thermal one, and obtained sub-DoppIer resonances with a homogeneous width less than 5 kHz.
The results are given of an experimental investigation of the structure of the λ= 3.39 μ methane line by recording saturated dispersion resonances. A method is described for reducing the intensity of the laser field in the absorbing medium to a value of < 10-6 W/cm2 and thus ensuring that the resolving power of the method is determined mainly by the collisional and field broadening of the lines, and exceeds considerably the transit limit. A 2.2 kHz doublet line splitting, resulting from the recoil effect, was recorded using a laser having a 3-cm diameter beam.
The existence of crossover resonances makes saturated-absorption (SA) spectra very complicated when external magnetic field B is applied. It is demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that the use of micrometric-thin cells (MTCs, L≈40 μm) allows application of SA for quantitative studies of frequency splitting and shifts of the Rb atomic transitions in a wide range of external magnetic fields, from 0.2 up to 6 kG (20-600 mT). We compare the SA spectra obtained with the MTC with those obtained with other techniques and present applications for optical magnetometry with micrometer spatial resolution and a broadly tunable optical frequency lock.