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Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering, Osaka City University

Security Evaluation of Optical CDMA System against Statistical Code Detection

Tomohiro Yokohama, 哲夫 辻岡

Published Dec 1, 2008• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Optical orthogonal codes (OOC) have been investigated as an important technology to achieve optical CDMA systems. Recently, some security analyses were published, where they have a problem of weakness against eavesdropping. In this paper, we propose a new security measure for an optical CDMA system from the viewpoint of eavesdroppers. We derive distributions of code detection time by using a technique based on statistical approach, and evaluate robustness of the optical CDMA system using for several well-known OOCs.

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Optical orthogonal codes (OOC) have been investigated as an important technology to achieve optical CDMA systems. Recently, some security analyses were published, where they have a problem of weakness against eavesdropping. In this paper, we propose a new security measure for an optical CDMA system from the viewpoint of eavesdroppers. We derive distributions of code detection time by using a technique based on statistical approach, and evaluate robustness of the optical CDMA system using for several well-known OOCs.
Optical orthogonal codes (OOC) have been investigated as an important technology to achieve optical CDMA systems. Recently, some security analyses were published, where they have a problem of weakness against eavesdropping. In this paper, we propose a new security measure for an optical CDMA system from the viewpoint of eavesdroppers. We derive distributions of code detection time by using a technique based on statistical approach, and evaluate robustness of the optical CDMA system using for several well-known OOCs.
Enhanced security has often been cited as an important benefit of optical CDMA (O-CDMA) signaling. However, the quality and degree of security enhancement has not been closely examined in the literature. This paper examines the degree and types of security that may be provided by O-CDMA encoding. A quantitative analysis of data confidentiality is presented for O-CDMA encoding techniques that use both time spreading and wavelength hopping. The probability of successful data interception is calculated as a function of several parameters, including signal-to-noise ratio and fraction of total available system capacity. For reasonable choices of system and encoding parameters, it is shown that increasing code complexity can increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) required for an eavesdropper to "break" the encoding by only a few dB, while the processing of fewer than 100 bits by an eavesdropper can reduce the SNR required to break the encoding by up to 12 dB. The overall degree of confidentiality obtainable through O-CDMA encoding is also compared with that obtainable through standard cryptography. time-spreading/wavelength-hopping in particular, and O-CDMA in general, are found to provide considerably less data confidentiality than cryptography, and the confidentiality provided is found to be highly dependent on system design and implementation parameters.
(OCDMA) is an alternative method, which performs encoding and decoding through an optical signature code, in order to allow the selection of the desired signal so that different users can share the same bandwidth. In such a system, the data signal overlap both in time and wavelength. Tradeoffs between security and performance in optical CDMA are presented. Confidentiality against eavesdropper interception strategies for optical CDMA is considered. Coherent detection and combining signals shows better confidentiality than the incoherent one. Spectral amplitude optical CDMA based on Modified Double Weight (MDW) systems, with different code dimension, is investigated. Increasing the network system capacity or maximizing authorized specified SNRs will lead to eavesdropper to detect high SNRs.
OCDMA) is an alternative method, which performs encoding and decoding through an optical signature code, in order to allow the selection of a desired signal so that different users can share the same bandwidth.In such a systems, data signal overlap both in time and wavelength.Tradeoffs between security and performance in optical CDMA are presented.Confidentiality against eavesdropper interception strategies for optical CDMA is considered.Coherent detection and combining signals shows better confidentiality than the incoherent one.Spectral amplitude optical CDMA based on Modified Double Weight (MDW) systems, with different code dimension, is investigated.Increasing the network system capacity or maximizing authorized specified SNRs will lead to eavesdropper to detect high SNRs.
Enhanced security has often been cited as an important benefit of optical code-division multiple-access (O-CDMA) signaling but has seldom been analyzed in detail. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the degree of confidentiality that can be provided by spectral-phase-encoded O-CDMA. Two eavesdropping detector structures are presented that can theoretically break the confidentiality of spectral-phase-encoded signals by detecting the code words in use by a specific user. One of them, an optical beat detector, is quantitatively analyzed to determine the probability of correctly detecting user code words. The confidentiality of user signals is shown to be vulnerable to such a detector if an eavesdropper can isolate a single user signal with a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). At lower SNRs, combining multiple bits is shown to dramatically increase the probability of an eavesdropper correctly detecting user code words; even for codes long enough to strain implementation capabilities (e.g., 2048 code elements), the probability of correct detection is shown to rise from negligibly low values to virtually 100% by the combining of less than 100 transmitted bits at the eavesdropper's receiver.
Optical CDMA transmission systems can not only increase system capacity, but also achieve physical-layer security against fiber tapping attacks. In this paper, we examine the information-theoretic security of optical CDMA systems by evaluating the trade off between the achieved information capacity and the confidentiality. In particular, we established a wiretap channel model of optical CDMA systems, based on which we have evaluated the impacts of key system parameters, such as the type of code words, the number of users M , the code lengths N and the input optical power P , on the system security. Our results indicate that key system parameters play an important role and choosing suitable values of these system parameters will be helpful to improve the secure performance of optical CDMA systems to some degree. For example, choosing the code words whose cross-correlation λ values are smaller, increasing the code lengths N or the input optical power P and reducing the number of users M properly can all be used to improve the secure performance of optical CDMA systems.