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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Quantum information processing with atom chips

Jörg Schmiedmayer, R. Folman, Tommaso Calarco

Published Jun 25, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. Neutral-atom manipulation using integrated micro-devices is a new extremely promising experimental approach to QIPC. In devices we call Atom Chips, atoms are trapped or move in microscopic potentials above a surface. The traps, guides, are formed by potentials created using electric, magnetic and light fields which originate in (microscopic) structures built on the surface of the Atom Chip. To execute a QIPC toolbox we plan to implement quantum optics techniques using integrated micro devices fabricated on the Atom Chip. We describe our recent experimental progress towards this goal, demonstrating the realisation of traps and guides for neutral atoms on a nanofabricated chip.

DOI
10.1109/qels.2002.1031402

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Summary form only given. Neutral-atom manipulation using integrated micro-devices is a new extremely promising experimental approach to QIPC. In devices we call Atom Chips, atoms are trapped or move in microscopic potentials above a surface. The traps, guides, are formed by potentials created using electric, magnetic and light fields which originate in (microscopic) structures built on the surface of the Atom Chip. To execute a QIPC toolbox we plan to implement quantum optics techniques using integrated micro devices fabricated on the Atom Chip. We describe our recent experimental progress towards this goal, demonstrating the realisation of traps and guides for neutral atoms on a nanofabricated chip.
Neutral-atom manipulation using integrated micro-devices is a new promising experimental approach to QIPC. It combines the best of two worlds: The ability to use cold atoms-a well controllable quantum system, and the immense technological capabilities of nano fabrication and microelectronics to manipulate the atoms. We have experimentally realised such traps guides and beam splitters for neutral atoms on a micro-fabricated Atom Chip, and reached the basic trapping requirements set up by QIPC proposals.
Summary form only given. We report on the experimental realisation of traps and guides for neutral atoms on a nanofabricated chip. Our main results are: (a) Trap parameters with a transverse ground state size below 100 nm and frequencies of above 100 kHz (as required by QIP proposals) have been achieved. (b) We could trap and guide atoms exclusively with the fields created on the chip. (c) We have shown that a wide variety of magnetic potentials may be realised, such as quadrupole fields for a MOT, 3D minima for trapping, 2D minima for guiding, and beam splitters. (d) It has been shown that standard nanofabrication techniques and materials may he utilised to build these atom chips. The wires on the surface can stand sufficiently high current densities in vacuum and at room temperature.
The laser cooling, trapping and manipulating of neutral atoms has become a valuable tool for scientists, providing innovative ways to probe the nature of reality and giving rise to transformative devices in the fields of precise measurement and quantum information processing. Unlike traditional complex and bulky atomic experimental facilities, atom chips, through the design, fabrication of surface-patterned microstructures, and the integration of devices on the substrates, can precisely control the magnetic, electric or optical fields on a micro-nano scale with low power consumption. It can realize strong trapping as well as coherent atomic manipulation. Since atom chip was first proposed twenty years ago, it has built a robust quantum platform for miniaturizing and integrating quantum optics and atomic physics tools on a chip. In this paper, first, we briefly review the development history of atom chips, then introduce the basic knowledge of micro potential traps and micro guides based on on-chip current-carrying wires. Afterwards, the key technologies about the chip material, design, fabrication, characterization and integration of atom chips are discussed in detail. We not only focus on the currently most active and successful areas - current carrying wires, but also look at more visionary approaches such as to the manipulation of atoms with real nano structures, say, carbon nano tubes. The design and fabrication principles of ideal atom chips are discussed as well. In the forth part, the worldwide plans and research projects involving with atom chip technologies are summarized, showing that many countries see this as an important foundational technology. Following that, the major developments in the application fields including atom clocks, atom interferometer gyroscope, cold atom gravimeter, etc are described. Finally, the challenges faced by atom chips towards practical application are pointed out and the prospects for their subsequent development are depicted.
We report on the experimental realisation of traps and guides for neutral atoms on a nanofabricated chip. Our main results are: (a) Trap parameters with a transverse ground state size below 100 nm and frequencies of above 100 kHz (as required by QIP proposals) have been achieved. (b) We could trap and guide atoms exclusively with the fields created on the chip. (c) We have shown that a wide variety of magnetic potentials may be realised, such as quadrupole fields for a MOT, 3D minima for trapping, 2D minima for guiding, and beam splitters. (d) It has been shown that standard nanofabrication techniques and materials may he utilised to build these atom chips. The wires on the surface can stand sufficiently high current densities in vacuum and at room temperature.
Microchip traps provide a promising approach to quantum information processing and communication (QIPC) with neutral atoms: strong and complex potentials can be produced for acting on the qubit atoms, and the potentials can be scaled to higher qubit numbers by virtue of the microfabrication process. We describe experimental results that are relevant to use in QIPC, such as the transport of Bose-Einstein-condensed atomic ensembles along the chip surface with the help of a magnetic conveyor belt. The second part of the paper is devoted to single-atom detection on the chip.