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Tracking the Ultrafast Light-Matter Interaction in Population-Inverted Quantum Dots via Quantum State Tomography

Nicolai B. Grosse, Nina Owschimikow, Alexej Koltchanov, Mirco Kolarczik, U. Woggon, Roland Aust, Benjamin Lingnau, Kathy Lüdge

Published Jan 1, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Based on the full characterization of a pulse transmitted through a semiconductor optical amplifier by quantum state tomography, we determine the degree of population inversion and the momentary signal-to-noise ratio at sub-picosecond times and RT.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_si.2015.sm3f.5

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Quantum state tomography and the reconstruction of the photon number distribution are techniques to extract the properties of a light field from measurements of its mean and fluctuations. These techniques are particularly useful when dealing with macroscopic or mesoscopic systems, where a description limited to the second order autocorrelation soon becomes inadequate. In particular, the emission of nonclassical light is expected from mesoscopic quantum dot systems strongly coupled to a cavity or in systems with large optical nonlinearities. We analyze the emission of a quantum dot-semiconductor optical amplifier system by quantifying the modifications of a femtosecond laser pulse propagating through the device. Using a balanced detection scheme in a self-heterodyning setup, we achieve precise measurements of the quadrature components and their fluctuations at the quantum noise limit1. We resolve the photon number distribution and the thermal-to-coherent evolution in the photon statistics of the emission. The interferometric detection achieves a high sensitivity in the few photon limit. From our data, we can also reconstruct the second order autocorrelation function with higher precision and time resolution compared with classical Hanbury Brown-Twiss experiments.