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大学物理

教学研究:介绍量子力学几个基本概念—兼答《关于量子几何相位的评注》中的几个主要问题

曾谨言

Published Jul 20, 2002• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

[1](以下简称)相应的表述不完全正确.在此基础上,认为这些文献和教材(R.Shankar)得出的涉及Berry绝热相位的一些论述(不含Berry绝热相因子的瞬时能量本征态不满足含时Schrdinger方程等)也是正确的,而的论述与此相反.认为只有γn(C)才是Berry相位.本文作者则倾向于把γn(t)叫做Berry绝热相位,而把γn(C)=γn(T)-γn(0)叫做几何相位(geometric phase)[2].

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1相应的表述不完全正确.在此基础上,认为这些文献和教材(R.Shankar)得出的涉及Berry绝热相位的一些论述(不含Berry绝热相因子的瞬时能量本征态不满足含时Schrdinger方程等)也是正确的,而的论述与此相反.认为只有γn(C)才是Berry相位.本文作者则倾向于把γn(t)叫做Berry绝热相位,而把γn(C)=γn(T)-γn(0)叫做几何相位(geometric phase)[2].
Based on the homotrinuclear spin cluster having SU(2)⊗SU(2) symmetry with twofold orbital degeneracy τ = 1/2) and the SU(2) algebraic structures of both ŝ and τ subspaces in the external magnetic field, we calculate exactly the non-adiabatic energy levels and the cyclic and non-cyclic non-adiabatic geometric phase of the homotrinuclear spin cluster by making use of the method of algebraic dynamics. The solution will show that the Berry phase is much influenced by the parameters N = γs/γτ (γs and γτ are the magnetic momentums of ŝ and τ subspaces, respectively) in addition to ω/Ω in a rotating magnetic field. The change of the Berry phase in the basis state of the system is demonstrated from the changing diagram.
Berry拓扑相因子及其相关的问题的研究目前已引起重视,它不仅涉及了手征反常等问题的理论分析,而且得到实验证实. 绝热变参数量子体系Berry相的明显确定,一般取决于其哈密顿量本征值问题的明显解(参数R(t)=(R_1(t),R_2(f),…,R_N(t))的变化给出了参数流形μ:{R}上一条曲线C:{R(t)};当R(0)=R(T)时C是一个环路). 然而在许多实际问题中,的本征值问题是不能明显求解的,为此建议了一些处理特殊问题的方法.
一个作循环周期缓慢演变的含时Hamiltonian量子系统,在演变过程中波函数除了熟悉的动力学相因子外,还附加一个非动力学性质相因子exp{iγn(t)}。笔者从含时规范变换出发,对该量子系统出现的非动力学相作了深入分析与研究,研究结果表明:当系统未完成一个周期的演变时,可以出现一个“不可积”的非动力学相;而只有当系统完成一个周期的演变,才可得到“可积”的相位-Berry相,这种相位具有“周期含时规范变换”不变性,因而存在物理观察效应。进而以核磁共振为例对Berry相的“拓扑性”作了完整的说明。
Based on the homotrinuclear spin cluster having SU(2)⊗SU(2) symmetry with twofold orbital degeneracy τ = 1/2) and the SU(2) algebraic structures of both ŝ and τˆ subspaces in the external magnetic field, we calculate exactly the non-adiabatic energy levels and the cyclic and non-cyclic non-adiabatic geometric phase of the homotrinuclear spin cluster by making use of the method of algebraic dynamics. The solution will show that the Berry phase is much influenced by the parameters N =γ s /γ τ (γ s and γ τ are the magnetic momentums of ŝ and τ̂ subspaces, respectively) in addition to ω/Ω in a rotating magnetic field. The change of the Berry phase in the basis state of the system is demonstrated from the changing diagram.
Based on he homotrinuclear spin cluster having SU(2)circle times SU(2) symmetry With twofold orbital degeneracy tau = 1/2) and the SU(2) algebraic structures of both (s) over cap and (tau) over cap subspaces in the external magnetic field. We calculate exactly the non-adiabatic energy levels and the cyclic and non-cyclic non-adiabatic geometric phase of the homotrinuclear spin cluster by making use of the method of algebraic dynamics. The solution Will show that the Berry phase is much influenced by the parameters N = gamma(s)/gamma(tau) (gamma(s) and gamma(tau) are the magnetic momentums of (s) over cap and (tau) over cap subspaces, respectively) in addition to omega/Omega in a rotating magnetic field. The change of the Berry phase in the basis state of the system is demonstrated from the changing diagram.