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Chinese Physics B

An extended chain Ising model and its Glauber dynamics

赵兴宇, 黄心茹, 樊小辉, 黄以能

Published Jan 1, 2012• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

It was first proposed that an extended chain Ising (ECI) model contains the Ising chain model,single spin doublewell potentials and a pure phonon heat bath of a specific energy exchange with the spins.The extension method is easy to apply to high dimensional cases.Then the single spin-flip probability (rate) of the ECI model is deduced based on the Boltzmann principle and general statistical principles of independent events and the model is simplified to an extended chain Glauber-Ising (ECGI) model.Moreover,the relaxation dynamics of the ECGI model were simulated by the Monte Carlo method and a comparison with the predictions of the special chain Glauber-Ising (SCGI) model was presented.It was found that the results of the two models are consistent with each other when the Ising chain length is large enough and temperature is relative low,which is the most valuable case of the model applications.These show that the ECI model will provide a firm physical base for the widely used single spin-flip rate proposed by Glauber and a possible route to obtain the single spin-flip rate of other form and even the multi-spin-flip rate.

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It was first proposed that an extended chain Ising (ECI) model contains the Ising chain model,single spin doublewell potentials and a pure phonon heat bath of a specific energy exchange with the spins.The extension method is easy to apply to high dimensional cases.Then the single spin-flip probability (rate) of the ECI model is deduced based on the Boltzmann principle and general statistical principles of independent events and the model is simplified to an extended chain Glauber-Ising (ECGI) model.Moreover,the relaxation dynamics of the ECGI model were simulated by the Monte Carlo method and a comparison with the predictions of the special chain Glauber-Ising (SCGI) model was presented.It was found that the results of the two models are consistent with each other when the Ising chain length is large enough and temperature is relative low,which is the most valuable case of the model applications.These show that the ECI model will provide a firm physical base for the widely used single spin-flip rate proposed by Glauber and a possible route to obtain the single spin-flip rate of other form and even the multi-spin-flip rate.
Investigates the bicritical dynamics of one-dimensional bond-diluted kinetic Ising models in the percolation limit at criticality. A wide class of single-spin-flip dynamics is applied and domain boundary diffusion arguments are used to identify the dominant processes producing flipping of the ordered finite chain segments constituting the diluted chain. Exact expressions for the rate of flip as a function of length of segment are obtained and are used to derive corresponding expressions for the decay of equilibrium correlations, and of the magnetisation (from a non-equilibrium uniformly magnetised initial state) in the chain. The results are in agreement with those of earlier rigorous calculations restricted to the special case of Glauber dynamics.
We study the effect of antiferromagnetic interactions on the single spin-flip Glauber dynamics of two different one-dimensional Ising models with spin $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$. The first model is an Ising chain with antiferromagnetic exchange interaction limited to nearest neighbors and subject to an oscillating magnetic field. The system of master equations describing the time evolution of sublattice magnetizations can easily be solved within a linear field approximation and a long time limit. Resonant behavior of the magnetization as a function of temperature (stochastic resonance) is found, at low frequency, only when spins on opposite sublattices are uncompensated owing to different gyromagnetic factors (i.e., in the presence of a ferrimagnetic short range order). The second model is the axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising (ANNNI) chain, where an antiferromagnetic exchange between next-nearest neighbors is assumed to compete with a nearest-neighbor exchange interaction of either sign. The long time response of the model to a weak, oscillating magnetic field is investigated in the framework of a decoupling approximation for three-spin correlation functions, which is required to close the system of master equations. The calculation, within such an approximate theoretical scheme, of the dynamic critical exponent zzz, defined as $1∕\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\approx}{(1∕\ensuremath{\xi})}^{z}$ (where $\ensuremath{\tau}$ is the longest relaxation time and $\ensuremath{\xi}$ is the correlation length of the chain), suggests that the T=0T=0T=0 single spin-flip Glauber dynamics of the ANNNI chain is in a different universality class than that of the unfrustrated Ising chain.
A modified version of Glauber's one-dimensional spin relaxation model is applied to a spin-1 Ising chain in order to study the time dependence of the system in the weak-coupling limit. The individual spin-1 Ising particles are assumed to interact with the heat bath, which causes them to change their states randomly in time. Coupling between the particles is introduced through the assumption that the transition probabilities for any one spin-1 Ising particle depends on the state of the neighboring spin-1 Ising particles. A special assumption about the rate constants is chosen such that the average values of the dipole moment will return to the equilibrium value. We establish the system of rate equations for average values of the dipole and quadruple moments, as well as their coupling. The Ising interaction between the spin-1 particles is assumed to be weak compared to the coupling with the heat reservoir. In this way we can terminate the hierarchy and solve the problem of a linear chain with periodic boundary conditions, using the Fourier transformation. The resulting secular equation determines two sets of relaxation times and two sets of eigenvectors. From this equation both relaxation times are determined by a perturbation method.
The wavefunction of a single spin system in a prepared initial state evolves to equilibrium with a heat bath. The average spin q(t)=p↑(t)−p↓(t)q(t) = p_{\uparrow}(t) - p_{\downarrow}(t)q(t)=p↑​(t)−p↓​(t) exhibits a characteristic time for this evolution. With the proper choice of spin flip rates, a dynamical Ising model (Glauber) can be constructed with the same characteristic time for transition of the average spin to equilibrium. The Glauber dynamics are expressed as a Markoff process that possesses many of the same physical characteristics as its quantum mechanical counterpart. In addition, since the classical trajectories are those of an ergodic process (the time averages of a single trajectory are equivalent to the ensemble averages), the surfaces of constant temperature, in terms of the model parameters, may be derived for the single spin system.
Recent results for the Glauber-type kinetic Ising models are reviewed in this chapter. Exact solutions for chains and simulational results for the dynamical exponents for square and cubic lattices are given. Introduction A study on the dynamical behavior of the Ising model must begin with the introduction of a temporal evolution rule, because the Ising model itself does not have any a priori dynamics naturally introduced from the kinetic theory. Various kinds of dynamics are possible and some are useful to describe and predict physical phenomena or to make simulation studies of the equilibrium state. The Ising model with an appropriately defined temporal evolution rule is called the kinetic Ising model . The statistical mechanical studies of the dynamical behavior in and around the equilibrium state started in the 1950s. During that decade, theoretical and computational developments provided a breakthrough and advanced such studies. The Kubo theory and its successful application established the linearly perturbed regime around the equilibrium state generally treated by methods of statistical mechanics. It gave a means of investigating the dynamic behavior of macroscopic systems. Another great advance in that decade was the application of computing machines to statistical physics. Dynamical Monte Carlo (MC) simulation on computers gave rise to the problem of computational efficiency, which is related to the dynamical behavior of the system, although this aspect became clear rather recently, in the 1980s.
So far we have considered only the statics of spin glasses. However, the nonergodicity discussed in Sections 3.4 and 3.5 for the SK model suggests that the dynamics of spin glasses is rather unusual, at least below the freezing temperature. One expects transitions over energy barriers between the metastable states discussed in Section 3.5, leading to a new class of very slow relaxation times, some of which become infinite, at least in MFT. In this chapter we introduce the basic models and formal techniques necessary for describing the dynamics of spin glasses, corresponding to what we did for statics in Chapter 2. We focus on Ising systems here, both for the sake of simplicity and because, as we have mentioned, the anisotropic interactions found in most systems which one would expect to be Heisenberg spin glasses make them look rather Ising-like in many of their properties. The Glauber model The classical Ising model has no inherent dynamics, so to make a dynamical model one has to couple the spins to an additional ‘heat bath’ which induces spin flips (Glauber, 1963; Suzuki and Kubo, 1968). For metallic spin glasses this heat bath can be identified with the conduction electrons, which produce single-spin flip processes with the impurity spins via the exchange interaction J sd . For a single magnetic impurity this leads to the so-called Korringa relaxation with relaxation time τ 0 .