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IEEE International Conference on Semiconductor Laser

Observation of 10 db squeezing in semiconductor lasers

Wayne H. Richardson, S. Machida, Y. Yamamoto

Published Jan 1, 1990• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

It was believed among physicists and quantum electronics engineers that an ideal laser generates a coherent state of light. According to the quantum theory of photodetection, the shot noise appearing in intensity and phase measurements for a laser light can be attributed to the quantum noise of the laser light. Two of the present authors (S. M. and Y. Y.) and 0.

DOI
10.1109/islc.1990.764497

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It was believed among physicists and quantum electronics engineers that an ideal laser generates a coherent state of light. According to the quantum theory of photodetection, the shot noise appearing in intensity and phase measurements for a laser light can be attributed to the quantum noise of the laser light. Two of the present authors (S. M. and Y. Y.) and 0.
Quantum statistical properties of laser light have been extensively studied for the last thirty years by using an operator Langevin equation, a density operator master equation, and a quantum mechanical Fokker-Planck equation. It has been generally accepted among physicists and quantum electronics engineers that an ideal laser operating at far above the threshold generates a coherent state of light. Various experimental facts such as the Poissonian photoelectron statistics, the shot noise limited photocurrent fluctuations, and the Gaussian distributions of optical homodyne detector output seem to support this. However, recent careful studies on a semiconductor laser have revealed that a semiconductor laser does not necessarily produce a coherent state of light, but generates a number-phase squeezed state, in which the photon-number noise is smaller than the standard quantum limit (shot noise limit or Poisson limit). This paper reviews the theoretical and experimental aspects of number-phase squeezed state generation by a semiconductor laser.
The intensity-noise properties of an injection-locked semiconductor laser were studied experimentally. The constant-current-driven semiconductor laser producing the amplitude-squeezed state whose intensity noise was reduced below the standard quantum limit (SQL) by 0.72 dB was injection-locked by an external master laser. The measured intensity-noise level of the injection-locked semiconductor laser was 0.91 dB below the SQL. This experimental result indicates that a phase-coherent amplitude-squeezed state or squeezed vacuum state together with a reference local oscillator wave can be generated directly by semiconductor laser systems.
It is generally believed that the amplitude fluctuations of a light beam initially in the coherent state cannot be squeezed below those of shot noise by the simple arrangement of a beamsplitter and a detector, the current from the detector being fed back to the light source or to a modulator. A simple semiclassical theory shows that arbitrary amounts of squeezing can in fact be obtained if a negative opticalconductance device such as a constant-voltage-driven (nonself-oscillating) laser diode is used in place of a conventional detector.