Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Language arts journal of Michigan

Transmission of Quantum Information via Laguerre Gaussian Modes

Aaron Schutza

Published Jan 1, 2010• 6 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A new era of technology is fast approaching in which quantum computation may be practically realized. In the near future, researchers may require a method of correlating two isolated quantum systems. This would require a signal carrier to be a quantum entity itself. We investigate the quantum states of photons as a medium for encoding information. A communication scheme using the modulation of spatial modes and polarization states in free space or fiber optics is proposed. The Laguerre-Gaussian spatial mode is studied with these applications in mind. We also study photographic slide as a means of creating diffraction gratings. Holographic diffraction gratings were created in order to generate Laguerre-Gauss beam modes of varying quantum number n. The spatial mode phase characteristics were studied with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.

Related papers

Quantum aberrations: Entangling photons with Zernike polynomials

Hakob Avetisyan, G. H. Nikoghosyan

We introduce Zernike polynomials as a novel degree of freedom for encoding quantum information in the spatial structure of photons. Building on their orthogonality and completeness over the unit disk, we develop a framework for generating, manipulating, and detecting photons in Zernike modes, and propose methods for realizing single-photon and two-photon Zernike wave packets. We demonstrate analytically that two-photon states generated via spontaneous parametric down-conversion exhibit mode entanglement in the Zernike basis, with correlations arising from selection rules enforced by Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. Our results open a new pathway for structured spatial entanglement, complementary to schemes based on Laguerre-Gaussian or Hermite-Gaussian modes, and suggest practical experimental implementations based on holographic modulation and optical Fourier techniques.

arXiv:2504.15765•Physical Review A•Sep 23, 2025•1 citation

Enabling quantum communications through accurate photons polarization control

Álvaro J. Almeida, Nelson Jesus Muga, Nuno A. Silva +5 more

The rapid increase on the information sharing around the world, leads to an utmost requirement for capacity and bandwidth. However, the need for security in the transmission and storage of information is also of major importance. The use of quantum technologies provides a practical solution for secure communications systems. Quantum key distribution (QKD) was the first practical application of quantum mechanics, and nowadays it is the most developed one. In order to share secret keys between two parties can be used several methods of encoding. Due to its simplicity, the encoding into polarization is one of the most used. However, when we use optical fibers as transmission channels, the polarization suffers random rotations that may change the state of polarization (SOP) of the light initially sent to the fiber to a new one at the output. Thus, in order to enable real-time communication using this encoding method it is required the use of a dynamic control system. We describe a scheme of transmission of quantum information, which is based in the polarization encoding, and that allows to share secret keys through optical fibers without interruption. The dynamic polarization control system used in such scheme is described, both theoretically and experimentally. Their advantages and limitations for the use in quantum communications are presented and discussed.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Nov 18, 2013•6 citations

High-efficiency sorting and measurement of orbital angular momentum modes based on the March–Zehnder interferometer and complex phase gratings

Diancoumba Mamadou, Fei Shen, Maxime Irene Dedo +3 more

Abstract With the recent exponential developments of high-speed optical communications, traditional optical communications systems are showing their limitations. Over the past decade, the orbital angular momentum (OAM) is attracting more and more research attention, due to its orthogonality between two OAM states, which supplies new degrees of freedom and can be used in fiber or free-space optical communication systems for increasing the communication capacity. Here, we propose a novel OAM de/multiplexing method based on the combination of the March–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) implanted pair of dove prisms (DP) (MZI-DP) and a complex phase gratings (CPG), which can be used to sort and detect multiple OAM modes simultaneously. The fundamental Gaussian beam illuminates the spatial light modulator (SLM) to produce the multiplexed Laguerre–Gaussian modes with different topological charges. The MZI-DP system can sort different OAM modes into odd and even values of topological charges. And then, the designed CPGs perform the concrete measurements of different sorted OAM modes. The propagating directions of different modes are arbitrarily steered by two CPGs in two MZI-DP outputting planes. With this designed system, we can simultaneously sort the OAM modes into odd and even values of topological charges, as well as performing the measurement of a large number of OAM modes without any overlapping between adjacent modes. Furthermore, we have simultaneously demultiplexed 50 different OAM modes and controlled their propagation directions successfully, which shows high-recognition rates and superior performances.

Measurement Science and Technology•Mar 8, 2019•14 citations

Tools for spatial multimode quantum optics

Hans‐A. Bachor, Mikael Lassen, V. Delaubert +8 more

The spatial properties of laser beams can be used to encode, transfer and detect quantum information into high order modes with high efficiency. We demonstrate the use of such states, including spatial squeezing and entanglement.

International Conference on Quantum Information•Jan 1, 2007•0 citations

The spatial dimension of quantum optics

Hans‐A. Bachor, Mikael Lassen, V. Delaubert +8 more

The spatial properties of laser beams can be used to encode, transfer and detect quantum information into high order modes with high efficiency. We demonstrate the use of multimode states, including spatial squeezing and entanglement.

Frontiers in Optics•Jan 1, 2007•0 citations

Encoding and Verification of Composite Vortex Beams with Spaced Orbital Angular Momentum

Tianpeng Xu, Xinping Han, Xiaodie Wang +3 more

A novel encoding method based on the orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode and radial mode of composite vortex beams is proposed. The superposition of two vortex beams generates 32 different types of composite vortex beams: one of them is a Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beam with a fixed OAM mode and radial mode, and the other is a LG beam containing four radial modes (p = 0, 1, 2, 3) and eight OAM modes with the same interval (l = ±3, ±5, ±7, ±9). A specially designed composite fork-shaped grating (CFG) is utilized to generate the intensity array pattern, and the received composite vortex beam is diffracted into a Gaussian beam with the relevant coordinates. Based on the coordinates and the number of bright rings in the intensity pattern, the OAM modes and radial modes of the two vortex beams composing the superposition state are determined, and finally the received composite vortex beam is decoded into the initially propagated information sequence. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed encoding are confirmed through the comparative analysis of the correlation of the optical fields at both the transmitter and receiver in the two scenarios of interval and non-interval encoding. The proposed encoding method can significantly improve the efficiency of information transmission and its resistance to interference, holding great potential for future applications in free-space optical communication.

Photonics•Aug 19, 2025•3 citations
A new era of technology is fast approaching in which quantum computation may be practically realized. In the near future, researchers may require a method of correlating two isolated quantum systems. This would require a signal carrier to be a quantum entity itself. We investigate the quantum states of photons as a medium for encoding information. A communication scheme using the modulation of spatial modes and polarization states in free space or fiber optics is proposed. The Laguerre-Gaussian spatial mode is studied with these applications in mind. We also study photographic slide as a means of creating diffraction gratings. Holographic diffraction gratings were created in order to generate Laguerre-Gauss beam modes of varying quantum number n. The spatial mode phase characteristics were studied with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
We introduce Zernike polynomials as a novel degree of freedom for encoding quantum information in the spatial structure of photons. Building on their orthogonality and completeness over the unit disk, we develop a framework for generating, manipulating, and detecting photons in Zernike modes, and propose methods for realizing single-photon and two-photon Zernike wave packets. We demonstrate analytically that two-photon states generated via spontaneous parametric down-conversion exhibit mode entanglement in the Zernike basis, with correlations arising from selection rules enforced by Clebsch-Gordan coefficients. Our results open a new pathway for structured spatial entanglement, complementary to schemes based on Laguerre-Gaussian or Hermite-Gaussian modes, and suggest practical experimental implementations based on holographic modulation and optical Fourier techniques.
The rapid increase on the information sharing around the world, leads to an utmost requirement for capacity and bandwidth. However, the need for security in the transmission and storage of information is also of major importance. The use of quantum technologies provides a practical solution for secure communications systems. Quantum key distribution (QKD) was the first practical application of quantum mechanics, and nowadays it is the most developed one. In order to share secret keys between two parties can be used several methods of encoding. Due to its simplicity, the encoding into polarization is one of the most used. However, when we use optical fibers as transmission channels, the polarization suffers random rotations that may change the state of polarization (SOP) of the light initially sent to the fiber to a new one at the output. Thus, in order to enable real-time communication using this encoding method it is required the use of a dynamic control system. We describe a scheme of transmission of quantum information, which is based in the polarization encoding, and that allows to share secret keys through optical fibers without interruption. The dynamic polarization control system used in such scheme is described, both theoretically and experimentally. Their advantages and limitations for the use in quantum communications are presented and discussed.
Abstract With the recent exponential developments of high-speed optical communications, traditional optical communications systems are showing their limitations. Over the past decade, the orbital angular momentum (OAM) is attracting more and more research attention, due to its orthogonality between two OAM states, which supplies new degrees of freedom and can be used in fiber or free-space optical communication systems for increasing the communication capacity. Here, we propose a novel OAM de/multiplexing method based on the combination of the March–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) implanted pair of dove prisms (DP) (MZI-DP) and a complex phase gratings (CPG), which can be used to sort and detect multiple OAM modes simultaneously. The fundamental Gaussian beam illuminates the spatial light modulator (SLM) to produce the multiplexed Laguerre–Gaussian modes with different topological charges. The MZI-DP system can sort different OAM modes into odd and even values of topological charges. And then, the designed CPGs perform the concrete measurements of different sorted OAM modes. The propagating directions of different modes are arbitrarily steered by two CPGs in two MZI-DP outputting planes. With this designed system, we can simultaneously sort the OAM modes into odd and even values of topological charges, as well as performing the measurement of a large number of OAM modes without any overlapping between adjacent modes. Furthermore, we have simultaneously demultiplexed 50 different OAM modes and controlled their propagation directions successfully, which shows high-recognition rates and superior performances.
A novel encoding method based on the orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode and radial mode of composite vortex beams is proposed. The superposition of two vortex beams generates 32 different types of composite vortex beams: one of them is a Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beam with a fixed OAM mode and radial mode, and the other is a LG beam containing four radial modes (p = 0, 1, 2, 3) and eight OAM modes with the same interval (l = ±3, ±5, ±7, ±9). A specially designed composite fork-shaped grating (CFG) is utilized to generate the intensity array pattern, and the received composite vortex beam is diffracted into a Gaussian beam with the relevant coordinates. Based on the coordinates and the number of bright rings in the intensity pattern, the OAM modes and radial modes of the two vortex beams composing the superposition state are determined, and finally the received composite vortex beam is decoded into the initially propagated information sequence. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed encoding are confirmed through the comparative analysis of the correlation of the optical fields at both the transmitter and receiver in the two scenarios of interval and non-interval encoding. The proposed encoding method can significantly improve the efficiency of information transmission and its resistance to interference, holding great potential for future applications in free-space optical communication.